Human Rights Example

Human Rights Example Human Rights â€" Essay Example > Human RightsThis paper explains what are human rights and analyzes human rights particularly focusing on the following points: why it is important for the international community that Prison Officers uphold a “human rights” approach towards prisoners even in difficult times. Furthermore the paper looks at the human rights in Irish prisons? how these rules have changed and compares to other prisons throughout the international community. What are “human rights”? According t? United Nations human right ?s are rudimentary privileges ?r flexibility t? which all human  beings are deserving ?nd ?n whose workout ? government may not hinder (including rights  t?  life ?nd liberty ?s  well ?s freedom  ?f  thought ?nd sign ?nd equality before th? law) (http: //www. un. org). In other phrases we should state that all human beings are born free ?nd equal ?n dignity ?nd rights. They are endowed with origin ?nd conscience ?nd should advance ?n th? main heading ?f one another ?n ?n essen ce ?f brotherhood. Everyone warrants t? all th? privileges ?nd freedoms set ahead ?n this Declaration? without distinction ?f any kind? for demonstration hurry? hue? sex? dialect? conviction? political ?r other mind-set? nationwide ?r communal source? dwelling? birth ?r other status. Furthermore? no distinction will be made ?n th? foundation ?f th? political? jurisdictional ?r worldwide grade ?f th? homeland ?r territory t? which ? one-by-one pertains? ?f ?t be unaligned? accept ?s factual? non-self-governing ?r under any other limitation ?f sovereignty. Human privileges are privileges inherent t? all human beings? any thing our nationality? position ?f dwelling? sex? nationwide ?r ethnic source? hue? conviction? dialect? ?r any other status. We are all equally warranting t? our human privileges without discrimination. These privileges are all interrelated? interdependent ?nd indivisible (Livingstone? 2000). Universal human privileges are often expressed ?nd guaranteed by guidelin e? ?n th? kinds ?f treaties? customary worldwide guideline? general standards ?nd other determinants ?f worldwide law. International human privileges guideline lays down obligations ?f Governments t? advance ?n certain ways ?r t? refrain from certain activities? ?n alignment t? boost ?nd fight back human privileges ?nd rudimentary freedoms ?f individuals ?r groups. Why ?s ?t important for th? international community that Prison Officers uphold ? “human rights” approach towards prisoners even ?n difficult times? It ?s significant for worldwide community t? have Prison Officer ?n support ?f ? human privileges even ?n tough times because ?f following reasons: for th? reason ?f th? identification ?f its obligation t? aid th? community with full esteem for th? human dignity ?nd privileges ?f every one-by-one? both ?n custody ?nd ?n th? broader community? for th? reason ?f identification that ?t ?s obliged t? help every lawbreaker reside ?s ? guideline abiding one-by-one ?nd that th? Service can aid t? their appreciating their promise ?nd t? accept ?s factual ?n making accessible t? each one-by-one ?n custody position ?nd services befitting t? their well being ?nd one-by-one development (Kilkelly? 2009). International regulation ?n prisoners' privileges ?nd penal principle ?s broad ?n scope ?nd detailed. From ?n Irish viewpoint? four treaties conceive binding obligations applicable t? th? remedy ?f prisoners: th? European Convention ?n Human Rights (ECHR)? th? Convention for th? Prevention ?f Torture ?nd Inhuman ?nd Degrading Treatment from th? Council ?f Europe? th? International Covenant ?n Civil ?nd Political Rights (ICCPR) ?nd th? Convention against Torture (CAT) from th? United Nations (Human Rights Committee? 1982). Each has been approved by Ireland? significance that th? State ?s needed lawfully t? apply ?nd observe its provisions (Kilkelly? 2009). The ECHR ?s th? only equipment ?f these four t? have effect ?n Irish regulation? by virtue ?f th? ECHR Ac t? 2003? ?nd ?s ?n outcome? its measures have supplemented worth ?n th? household lawful system. Also significant are th? Council ?f Europe European Prison Rules? not binding per se? but nonetheless ?n significant source ?f comprehensive ?nd comprehensive guidance ?n this locality furthermore (Kilkelly? 2009). Each ?f these devices ?s enforced ?n distinct ways? whereas th? most well liked procedure utilised ?s supervising by ?n professional managing assembly? for example th? Human Rights Committee which monitors th? ICCPR? ?r th? Committee for th? Prevention ?f Torture (CPT)? which monitors th? Convention for th? Prevention ?f Torture (Human Rights Committee? 1982). These methods offer th? Government ?nd significant opening t? enlist with worldwide professionals ?n ? constructive ?nd co-operative kind? with ?n outlook t? accomplishing larger implementation ?f th? applicable measures worried (Livingstone? 2000). While this procedure relishes varying qualifications ?f achievement ?n conveying about change? although? ?t does not offer ? remedy t? one-by-one complainants? making these devices tough t? enforce ?n lawful terms.

Knack vs Craft in Gorgias Essay - 737 Words

In the book Gorgias Socrates finds himself in an argument with Polus and Gorgias about whether oratory is a knack or a craft. Socrates’ opinion is that oratory is not a craft but rather a knack. When looking at the distinction between a knack and a craft it is commonly agreed upon that a knack is simply something that one is instinctively better at than others and a craft is a skill that one acquires through pursuit. With this said, the distinction that Socrates makes between a knack and a craft is a much deeper and more abstract one. Socrates argues that a knack is part of a shameful practice, that practice being flattery, and is only in accordance with what is most pleasant at the time, where as a craft deals with fitness of†¦show more content†¦The same goes for gymnastics and cosmetics. Cosmetics may make you look like you are healthy but they do not make you actually healthy, where as gymnastics knows what’s best for your physical health (Plato 25,26 ). This is what Socrates specifically refers to as flattery and is such the thing that he finds to be shameful because it does not take into consideration what is best for both the body and soul but instead guesses at what is most pleasant at the moment (Plato 25). Without the soul to govern the body the world would not know what is best for it. This is what makes a knack undesirable and shameful. What Socrates is ultimately saying is that flattery is deception and that is exactly what oratory is. Socrates’ argument about oratory being a knack, and a knack being part of a shameful practice, is backed up by his premises and thus makes his argument valid. The premises consisted of the four parts of flattery and each of their counter parts that are found in a craft. After he explains the four parts of both a knack and a craft he explains how a knack is only what is best for the time being, where as

Late Medieval Italy ( 13th And 13th Centuries ) - 1868 Words

Late Medieval Italy (13th and 14th centuries) ( Syed Meesam Rasool) Chapter 14 We begin our narrative into the Late Medieval period. Europe was prospering with good crop harvest, expanding population and a degree of economic stability in the Eurasian trade routes, brought about by the Mongol rule in the east. Focus of this paper is mainly in Italy, at this time in Italy, there were no centralized monarchy, and rather we have land primarily divided into city states having their own ruling parties. The kingdom of Naples and Sicily in the south, the papacy ruling the center of the peninsula and†¦show more content†¦He wasn’t the very first artist to come upon these ideals but he has given this mantle by Giorgio Vasari in his book written in 1550 titled â€Å" The Lives of the artists†. Vasari was contemporary to many famous Renaissance artists that we know about including Michelangelo. Giotto’s Early work is seen in the freshness of the upper church of San Francisco in Assisi. It is possible that he worked on the upper church with his teacher Cimabue. Giotto took the expertise of his teacher and refined it into more naturalistic degree. This can be seen in Cimabue’s Madonna Enthroned with Angels and Prophets and Giotto’s Madonna Enthroned. Giotto’s version had figures more rendered and there is a refining of the features, the drapery and the painting as a whole, you can see the light source coming from the single direction and illuminating the figures on each side. This helps create sense of space and believability. This same painting was also painted by another artist in Siena named Duccio. The more mature work of Giotto which made him the leader in the development of the western paining is the fresno’s in the Arena Chapple. These painting were executed as Fresco, a method whereby moist plaster was applied only to an area of the painting that could be painted within that same day. It is possible that Giotto could have employed members of his workshop to help paint the less significant figures and details of the painting. ThisShow MoreRelatedFeudal Europe Essay1611 Words   |  7 Pagesgovernance. Germanic invaders settled in the land and the dark ages ensued. Rome’s legacy was the Roman Catholic Church with its power and influence becoming part of the feudal ruling class. Anderson (1978) intimates feudalism emerging in the 10th century with France preceding. Feudal Europe was structured as follows: - The King at the top of society was feudal Lord, the divine monarch ordained by God giving the law. The Barons swore deference to the King providing him with Knights for battle and inRead MoreThe Transition Of Art, Music, And Literature From The Gothic Age Through The Renaissance1261 Words   |  6 Pagesthat were born throughout the centuries are still alive today. Byzantine art is the name for the imaginative products of the Eastern Roman Empire, as well as the nations and states that inherited culturally from the empire. Though the empire itself emerged from Rome s decline. Many Eastern Orthodox states in Eastern Europe, as well as to some degree the Muslim states of the eastern Mediterranean, preserved many aspects of the empire s culture and art for centuries afterward. A number of statesRead MoreThe Transition Of Art, Music, And Literature From The Gothic Age Through The Renaissance1261 Words   |  6 Pagesthat were born throughout the centuries are still alive today. Byzantine art is the name for the imaginative products of the Eastern Roman Empire, as well as the nations and states that inherited culturally from the empire. Though the empire itself emerged from Rome s decline. Many Eastern Orthodox states in Eastern Europe, as well as to some degree the Muslim states of the eastern Mediterranean, preserved many aspects of the empire s culture and art for centuries afterward. A number of statesRead MoreSummary of Medieval and Renaissance Criticism1505 Words   |  7 PagesSummary of Medieval and Renaissance Criticism Submitted by R. Zothanmawia V Semester BA R/no: 1101BA005 MEDIEVAL CRITICISM The period between the Classical Age and the Renaissance is vaguely named the Middle Age or the Medieval Age. In England, this period spans eight centuries and historians place it from the year of composition of Beowulf in 725 AD to 1474 AD when Caxton published the first book ever printed. The only standard work that dealt with Medieval Criticism is English Literary Criticism:Read MoreNo Title Now1233 Words   |  5 Pages  1500s:   Revival,   Decline,   and   Renaissance†          The   High   and   Late   Middle   Ages—Chapter   Fifteen    As compared to its experience in the early Middle Ages, Europe in the High Middle Ages was a. more decentralized. c. less militaristic. b. less isolated. d. more religiously diverse. Which is the best summary of the authors’ introductory overview of the late Middle Ages? a. Political and religious institutions grew steadily stronger throughout Europe. bRead MoreThe Periodization of the History of Western Europe1669 Words   |  7 PagesHistorians generally define the periodization of the history of Western Europe during the Middle Ages into three eras: the Early Middle Ages (5th-11th Centuries AD); the High Middle Ages (1000-1300 AD); and the Late Middle Ages (1300-1500). Construction of the great Gothic cathedrals began during the High Middle Ages, which was an era that experienced a dramatic re-emergence of urban life and an increasing sophistication in secular culture (Singman xi). Major events in the High Middle Ages includeRead MoreThe Development Of Gothic Architecture1 515 Words   |  7 Pageswell into the 16th century in European countries. This was a revival of art and architecture during the period which erected many monumental structures that still stand. Gothic architecture was most common in France, England, Germany, Poland, the Czech Republic, Spain, Portugal and Italy. Within Gothic architecture there are different sub categories. The first, Anglo-Saxon period, during the time of St. Augustine’s mission. 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The Este family is known for building the Diamanti Palace, as well as the famous Este Castle. The Castello Estense, also known as the Este Castle is a historical building in the center of the city of Ferrara, Italy. This medieval castle served as a fortress for the Este family during the late 1300s. This castleRead MoreHistory Is the Piano Essay1914 Words   |  8 PagesMaria Darbinian Prepared For: Professor Daniel Moser Introduction to Humanities DeVry University Online In the 1700’s the piano was invented by Bartolomeo Cristofori in Florence, Italy first introduced to the world as the pianoforte meaning â€Å"Soft loud†. â€Å"In the last quarter of the 18th century the piano had become the leading instrument of the western art of music that still lives on till today as an exotic instrument played by talented people in the world.† (Wendy Powers, 2003) Music

Watchmen Free Essays

The Mysterious Building My favorite short story was the â€Å"Sonata for Harp and Bicycle† written by Josh Alike. The story was taking place during Halloween In London and about this guy Jason that wants to know why everyone has to leave work by 5 o’clock every night. Only certain people know why. We will write a custom essay sample on Watchmen or any similar topic only for you Order Now MISS Golden (Bernice), a friend of Jason, knows why but can’t tell anyone. One night, Jason went inside the building using the fire escape to see what goes on in the building after dark. Jason went through doors and heard a bell that was ringing quietly and then was silenced. Then Jason heard this person whispering â€Å"Daisy, Daisy† (Ms. Bell). Jason said that he wasn’t Daisy and the voice said he was on private property and he shouldn’t be here. This person was pushing Jason to the fire escape. Jason ran down the fire escape as fast as he could. The next day Miss Golden saw Season’s hair and it was a stippled silver color. Miss Golden asked Jason if he went into the building last night after everyone left. Jason said â€Å"Tell me the true story. † This guy William Heron, the wailing watchmen, had a crush on Ms. Bell. Ms. Bell would each people the harp, and at eleven dock each night they have a picnic supper. One night, the watchman was going to propose to her but she never showed up. Ms. Bell was using a graham bell to wake herself up at ten to meet him and that night the bell failed and she missed meeting William. So MISS Golden and Jason thought they can get the watchmen and Ms. Bell back together because if you see the watchmen you have five days to live. One night they went into the building to get them back together. They woke up Ms. Bell to go meet the watchmen. The watchmen and Ms. Bell got together at last. Miss Golden and Jason Jumped out of the fire escape together. Sonata for Harp and Bicycle† is my favorite short story because of suspense, the setting and symbolism of Ms. Bell and the watchmen. Suspense is one of the literary elements that helped makes this story a little scary. It was suspenseful when everyone had to leave the building by 5 clock pm. I wondered what Jason Is going to find in the building when he went in there after hours. Is Jason going to live for fiv e days after he left the building? A suspenseful moment Is when â€Å"Jason opened a door at random; then another, offices lay everywhere about him, empty and forbidding† (50). Jason thinks he shouldn’t be in there. Everything seemed like people just left but he could still feel a presence of someone there. The setting is another part that is my favorite literary element that helped make this story come to life. The setting was in London during Halloween at night. Jason and Miss Golden went down the fire escape ten minutes before midnight. Then Jason said â€Å"We don’t want our evening to be spoiled by the thought of a curse hanging over us† (56). Jason wants to make sure the curse will not come true. Jason and Miss golden Jumped out of the building so they don’t have to deal with the curse If It ever comes true. Lastly, symbolism Is one of the literary elements that helped make this story unique. The flowers mean love. The harp means Ms. Bell Is around playing/teaching her harp. The bicycle means the watchmen is around somewhere. The watchmen supper every night at eleven† (52). They had a very strong relationship. Whoever you are, you are always unique. Suspense, setting and symbolism of Ms. Bell and the watchmen made â€Å"Sonata for Harp and Bicycle my favorite short story. This story was kind of scary but also a love story. Suspense, setting and symbolism all fit in this story because they all have their important parts. I think Miss Golden and Jason should have lived instead of going down the fire escape. I liked how the watchmen and Ms. Bell had different talents. I also think that the book should have went on and said what the watchmen and Ms. Bell did after the watchmen propose to her. This is my favorite short story because I think it had a lot of different parts when suspense came in so you want to keep on reading. How to cite Watchmen, Papers

Shakespeare’s Frankenstein or History’s Victim free essay sample

Richard’s first line in the play is, â€Å"I am determined to prove a villain† (Act 1, scene 1) shows Shakespeare’s intent to put Richard III in a negative light. â€Å"If asked of an average person to describe King Richard III, most would probably come up with a picture straight out of Shakespeare† (RichardIII. com) . Paul Murray Kendall wrote, ‘While the Tudor chroniclers made up the minds of subsequent historians about Richard III, Shakespeare has made up the imagination of everybody else† (Richard III. com). Richard III is portrayed as a deformed hunchback who ruthlessly lies, murders, and manipulates his way to throne. So the question is was Richard III a monster or was this a ploy by Shakespeare to kiss up to the higher elites such as Queen Elizabeth I, who was a Tudor and the granddaughter of Richards replacement, King Henry VII. The Real Richard III Richard was born on 2 October 1452 at Fotheringay Castle in Northamptonshire (Wikipedia). We will write a custom essay sample on Shakespeare’s Frankenstein or History’s Victim or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page His father was Richard Plantagenet, Duke of York and his mother Cecily Neville. Richard had a claim to the English throne through both parents (Kendall p. g. 15). In the play Shakespeare never mentioned this part of Richard’s III life. According to BBC. com, Richards’s father conflict with Henry VI was a major cause of the Wars of the Roses, which dominated Richards early life. His father and older brother died at the Battle of Wakefield in 1460. In 1461, Richards brother, Edward, became Edward IV and granted him duke of Gloucester (bbc. com). In 1470, Edward and Richard were exiled when Henry VI was briefly restored to the throne. The following year, they returned to England and Richard contributed to the Yorkist victories at Barnet and Tewkesbury which restored Edward to the throne (bbc. com). Richard was named as protector of the realm for Edwards son and successor, the 12-year-old Edward V (bbc. com). As the new king travelled to London from Ludlow, Richard met him and escorted him to London, where he was lodged in the Tower. One can only wonder how Shakespeare came by this monstrous characterization. Living in the reign of Elizabeth I, he probably had no choice but to describe him that way. The Tudors, who destroyed the House of York at the Battle of Bosworth in 1485, did not want the last Yorkist king to have a sympathetic image, hence the desire to bend the truth. (Wood p. g. 245). Shakespeare probably took what he was given and asked no questions. Richard was not extremely handsome by any standards, but he was definitely not deformed – he was an able warrior (which Shakespeare does give him credit for in the play). His reign as king was short, only because he lacked leadership not because he was caught in a tangled web of evil plots that Shakespeare assigns to him. Shakespeare’s Richard III Now here is Shakespeare’s version of Richard III that everyone seems to associate with more. In the play version of Richard III, he is deemed a sociopath that lacks empathy based upon emotions with his victims. Although he has linguistic abilities, he lacks complete understanding, and capacity to appreciate moral rules responding to his choice of actions. This kind of person is not deemed a criminal, as his offenses are usually significant and are rather considered to be morally and socially wrong. This made up version of Richard III is one who can get away with illegal or socially objectionable behavior in his own interest. This sums up Shakespeare’s Richard III character in the play and his constant manipulation of those around him. Shakespeare really goes out of his way to breathe graphic and poisonous life into this villainous almost satanic creation. At the start of the play Shakespeare has Richard explain his deformity to the audience, he believes that his deformity was a curse by God and there for makes him inherently evil. Richard is the dominant character of the play; he is both the main character of the story and its main villain. Richard III is an intense exploration of the psychology of evil, and that exploration is centered on Richard’s mind (sparknotes. com). But despite his open allegiance to evil, he is such a charismatic and fascinating figure that, for much of the play, we are likely to sympathize with him, or at least to be impressed with him (spark notes). In this way, our relationship with Richard mimics the other characters ‘relationships with him, conveying a powerful sense of the force of his personality (Spark notes). In the beginning of the play Richard shows no shame in revealing his true intentions to the audience: â€Å"Since I cannot prove a lover, to entertain these fair well-spoken days, I am determined to prove a villain and hate the idle pleasures of these days† (Act 1. Scene 1). Richard has a serious â€Å"Lack of Remorse† for those around him; for instance In Act I, Scene II, Richard convinces Lady Anne to be his Duchess at her dead husbands funeral. He turns up at the funeral to tell her that he murdered the one she loved out of passion. Naturally Anne curses Richard for his vile deed upon first seeing him along the funeral route. But because of Richards amazing linguistic skills she ends up submissive as he defends himself from all her accusations under the circumstances of a crime only committed for the sake of love. Anne is blown away by Richards willingness and accepts his offer, maybe out of fear. After Anne leaves Richard brags of his success, Was ever a woman in this humor wood? Was ever a woman in this human won(Act I, scene II). He goes on with his wrong doings as he zeros in on his next victim. Hastings who was helping Richard gain control of the throne becomes that next victim. Lord Hastings enjoyed sitting back and watching the death of enemies, but at the same time not knowingly misjudging his own position in Richards plans. He failed to heed the warning from his friend from Stanley â€Å"Three times today my foot-cloth horse did stumble, and started when he looked upon the tower, as loath to bear me to the slaughterhouse(Act I, Scene III). Not too long afterwards Hastings found himself getting sent off to the tower by Richard to be put to death. Even though these two agreed to help each other get what they want, Richard’s lack of remorse didn’t stop him from betraying Hastings. By modern day standards, sociopaths such as Richard do not see others around them as people, but only as targets and opportunities. Instead of friends, they have victims and accomplices who end up as victims. The end always justifies the means and they let nothing stand in their way (factnet. org). The play Richard III is often and mistakenly considered historical context by those who have only come in contact with Shakespeare’s rendition. What we must all understand is that this play was Elizabethan propaganda. This is why Richard III, the only alternative to Tudor rule is shown to have broken practically every social and moral law that society holds in high regards.

buy custom The Emergence of Modernism essay

buy custom The Emergence of Modernism essay Emergence is the beginning of something new, while modernism is a periodical change in time; in this case, writers and artists broke tradition and found new ways of experiencing and displaying art and literature. This paper discusses at least three motivating factors that led Latin American artists and writers in the emergence of new literary and artistic styles. Literature is a form of art in whereby the artists express themselves using form and color purely to communicate with the audience. Art is a form of self-expression of writers and artists. European Romanticism was one of the motivating and influential factors that steered the writers into the emergence of new literary and artistic styles at the end of the twentieth century. This referred to various artistic, intellectual and social trends of that era. This artistic, literary and intellectual movement strengthened during the industrial revolution at the end of the century, because it opposed aristocratic norms of age and stirred positive reaction to the scientific realizatio of the nature. Therefore, Romanticism strongly embodied in arts and literature, makes a significant and new impact on the literary and artistic styles used by the writers. The Romanticism era influences a new literary genre that Latin American writers still mimic presently, short stories, novels and poems replaced sermons and manifestos. The New Romantic literature personified and showed intense emotion that never before existed in neoclassical literature (North 63). The emergence of a genre of art, known as Magical Realism, motivated writers more; hence, they formed and expressed their ideas in the new literary and artistic styles, creating something different. Writers got inspired to use this genre because it does not depend on nature or physical laws, but instead uses the same to disrupt reality in creating disproportionate views. This realism genre influenced the writers in that, after the war, America was in need of literature that would explain what had happened to the society. Therefore, "American writers used this to turn to modernism" (Kidwell and Alan 299). This new literary style was unbiasedly and accurately applied in bringing out the events after the war and getting solutions to the suffering of people exposed to war. This realistic movement saw authors depicting what life is and its problems accurately (Kidwell and Alan 29). Marxist criticisms, especially those derived from his theories, not only affected the writers, but also motivated them into coming up with new literary and artistic styles that emphasized the cultural and political context of text production (Tenenbaum 52). His theories had a strong effect on both political and economic thought in the world, hence, writers sought new literary and artistic styles to in need to emphasize how vital it was to struggle for a change and class through conflict. In conclusion, Modernism has its roots in the twentieth century, but still flourishes with time, as writers and artists seek a break in tradition and a new form of representation of experience, hence, the emergence of new literary and artistic styles in their work. Buy custom The Emergence of Modernism essay

How Many Recommendation Letters For College Do I Need

How Many Recommendation Letters For College Do I Need SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips Colleges ask for all different numbers of recommendation letters. Each college sets its own policy, so it's always a good idea to double check each school on your list to make sure you understand exactly what it wants. Typically, colleges want you to send a recommendation letter from your counselor. Additionally, they may ask for one, two, or, in rare cases, three letters from your teachers. This guide will go over the different guidelinesso you know how many recommendationsto collectwhen applying to colleges. First, let’s go overthe different options. How Many Recommendation Letters Do Schools Require? You might need anywhere from zero to four letters of recommendations. As mentioned above, the majority of colleges want to see at least an evaluation from your school counselor. On top of this, many colleges, especially those selecting on the basis of academic merit, seek one or two teacher recommendations. Few colleges want to see three; usually, you’ll only need three recs if you’re applying to military school. To find information on your specific colleges of interest, you can look on their admissions websites. If you’re using the Common Application, then your app should also be customized to each school and its expectations. While this guide doesn’t cover every single college in the US (there are thousands!), it will go over some popular schools and their recommendation letter requirements. Let’s start with schools that have minimum requirements and work our way up to the schools with the most. You're off the hook for recommendation letters at these schools. Popular Schools with No Recommendation Requirement There are some schools, including competitive ones, that don’t require any recommendation letters at all. Some of these may have a general â€Å"no rec letter† policy, but still advise you to check with your particular department or program. Others may ask you to send a recommendation letter later in the year. Some of you reading this might breathe a sigh of relief, while others may want to send a rec letter and be disappointed. If you fall into the latter group, should you send your letter(s) anyway? Again, it’s always a good idea to check your school’s website for information or call its admissions office directly for its advice. Some schools will read your letters if you want to send them, while others arerather adamant about not sending any. Here are a few schools that, generally speaking, don’t require recommendation letters: Penn State University (unless specified by a program) University of California schools University of Minnesota University of Texas University of Washington Now for the schools that require one letter of recommendation - but only from your counselor. If you're applying to any of the schools below, then a trip to your guidance department is in order. Popular Schools that Require One Counselor Recommendationand No TeacherRecommendations These schools just want to see an evaluationfrom your school counselor. As you can see, most of these schools are open to you sending a teacher evaluation if you think it will be helpful to your application. College of William and Mary (teacher recommendationis optional) Georgia Institute of Technology (teacher evaluation is recommended, but not required) James Madison University (teacher recommendation is optional) University of Richmond If you do decide to send a teacher rec when it’s not required, make sure it’s a strong, substantial letter that you feel will truly help your candidacy. A common requirement of many four year colleges is one counselor recommendation and one teacher recommendation. These next schools want you to send two letters of recommendation, as indicated by the diesmbodied floating hand. Popular Schools that Require One Counselor and One Teacher Recommendation These schools want to seeoneletter each from your school counselor and a teacher. University of Delaware (one required, suggests that most applicants submit more than one letter) Georgia Tech Mills College NYU University of Maryland University of Massachusetts University of Virginia Wake Forest University More selectivecolleges tend to require a counselor letter of rec and two teacher letters of recommendation. Check out of some popular schools with this requirement below. If you're applying to any of the schools below, hopefully you have three smiling educators ready to write amazing things about you! Popular Schools that Require One Counselor and Two Teacher Recommendations Since these schools are particularly selective for academic ability, it makes sense that they want to hear about you and your work as a student from two different teachers. Amherst College Duke University Sarah Lawrence College Barnard College Emory University Scripps College Bates College Harvard University Skidmore College Boston College Harvey Mudd College Smith College Bowdoin College Haverford College Stanford University Brown University Johns Hopkins University Swarthmore College Bryn Mawr College Juilliard School Syracuse University California Institute of Technology Massachusetts Institute of Technology Trinity College Case Western Reserve University Middlebury College United State Coast Guard Academy Colby College Mount Holyoke College University of Chicago Colgate University New England Conservatory of Music University of Pennsylvania Colorado College Oberlin College Vanderbilt University Columbia University Occidental College Washington and Lee University Connecticut College Pitzer College Wellesley College Cornell University Pomona College Wheaton College** Dartmouth College* Princeton University Williams College Davidson College* Reed College Yale University *Dartmouth and Davidson additionally require a peer recommendation with the two teacher recommendations.**Wheaton requires one teacher rec and one pastoral rec Up until this point, you either had no choice in your recommender (as with your counselor) or could just choose one teacher. But as for the schools that require two letters, do they have any requirements about who exactly you ask to recommend you? Guidelines for Your TwoTeacher Recommendations In terms of who you ask, colleges typically ask you to provide a range of perspectives, like one letter from a science or math teacher and one from a humanities or social studies teacher (this includes technical schools like MIT and CalTech). The other common policy is that the school leaves the choice up to you. In pretty much any case, you should ask two teachers from core courses. If you’re applying to an art or performance school, like Juilliard or the New England Conservatory of Music, then one of your letters should be an artistic recommendation from a private studio teacher, conductor, coach, or artistic mentor. As you saw above, a select few schools, like Dartmouth, Davidson, and Wheaton, get specific about additional peer or pastoral recommendations, but these are definitely exceptions. Now that you have a sense of the colleges that want two teacher recommendations, take a look at the few that want three (FYI,they’re all military schools). Military Schools that Require One Counselor and Three Teacher Recommendations These schools also require a nomination from a Congressperson, which essentially counts as another recommendation, bringing the number required up to five! US Air Force Academy US Navy Academy (math, English teachers and Blue Gold officer) US Merchant Marine Academy US Military Academy (West Point) Above, we briefly touched on whether or not you should send a letter even if your school doesn’t require it. On a similar note, should you ever send an extra letter? Extra! Extra! Read all about me! Can You Send Extra Recommendation Letters? Logistically, you should be able to send an extra recommendation letter via mail or assigning an additional recommender on your school application or Common Application. Many schools allow this option, but you should be cautious and make sure you understand your school's opinion about sending extra material. Each school has its own stance on supplemental letters. If your school allows it, you want to make sure an extra letter adds something substantial to your application and comes from an authoritative source, like a community supervisoror spiritual leader with whom you've worked closely. Another circumstance in which an extra letter could be a good idea is if you attend a huge high school and haven't gotten to know your teachers or counselor very well. Again, make sure to learn about your school's policy. You don't want to play into the old admissions saying, "The thicker the file, the thicker the kid." Admissions officers usually don't look fondly on too much extra material. Rather than helping your application, excessive supplemental could just end up raising red flags about the strength of your candidacy. While researching your colleges' requirements is a critical first step in planning your recommendation letters, there are several other factors that require your attention. Read on for more on gathering recommendation letters, along withthe resources that canhelp you through the process. Tell me more. What Else Do You Need to Know About Recommendation Letters? Before you invite your recommenders to submit their letters online, you should be thoughtful about who you ask and howyou make your requests. Make sure to ask teachers of core subjects who know you well and give them all the necessary information at least a month in advance, if not in the spring of junior year. To get your best letter, part of this information should be a detailed resume and "brag sheet." Plus you can make appointments with your teachers and counselor to talk about your goals and what you'd like them to include in your letter. Finally, make sure you understand your rights surrounding your rec letters and how to approach the FERPA question on your application. Then you can invite your recommenders and know that you did everything you could to get the best letters for your college application. The rest is up to them, except for that final step in the process - sending thank you cards for all their help! What's Next? Now that you have access to guides on everything you need to know about rec letters, check out this complete guide that takes you through the steps of applying to college. This guide includes everything you need to know about the appplication process. If you're just starting to research colleges, check out this article on how to choose a college and all the questions to ask yourself when planning for your future! 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