How to Write a Joke

Instructions to Write a Joke Instructions to Write a Joke Instructions to Write a Joke By Michael Like any short type of composing, making jokes instructs how to utilize a couple of words successfully. In this article, I will give instances of jokes and I will (shiver) clarify them as well. I know, you shouldnt clarify your jokes, yet this causes us talk about them. Great jokes are regularly: Incoherent This is the focal element of funniness. That is, something that is entertaining is additionally astounding. Indeed, it additionally should be conspicuous (see underneath) except if you recognize what something is, you dont comprehend what's in store from it. Except if youre acquainted with something, you dont know whats new. Be that as it may, a joke needs to introduce its subject in an unforeseen manner. â€Å"Well, what will I talk about? I ain’t got anything interesting to state. All I know is the thing that I read in the papers.† Will Rogers Conspicuous Thats presumably why funnies and humorists get such a great amount of material from recent developments or mainstream society. They realize their crowds will perceive the jokes if its dependent on what everybody is as of now discussing. That is likewise why inside jokes work so well. At the point when I was sixteen, I consolidated a few of my history educators most loved articulations into one sentence: Well, ol Richelieu believed that was such a hoot, that he lost his offices like there wasnt going to be a tomorrow. That may not appear to be especially entertaining to you, however it appeared to be clever to my kindred history understudies. Self important? Moi? Short A joke is most entertaining when it utilizes the least potential words, since humor requires restricting multifaceted nature. Robert I. M. Dunbar, a test therapist at Oxford University, found that the most interesting jokes have just two characters and under five layers of significance. On one hand, your joke isn't interesting in the event that you need to clarify it. Then again, if no one comprehends the point, its not entertaining either. Amusingness relies upon a cautious, sensitive harmony between giving an excessive number of clues and giving excessively not many. The first joke originates from a Reddit rundown of the universes most brief jokes, and its incongruity is that in the event that you utilize needless French words, for example, moi, you will appear to be bombastic. I needed to allow you to get the joke before I clarified it. It doesn’t truly matter what number of sit-ups you did at the beginning of today in the event that you get hit with a Volvo. Ronald Dee White, summarized Explicit A joke about Volvos specifically is more clever than one about vehicles when all is said in done. Journalists realize that points of interest are more intriguing than consensuses, yet that evidently makes them increasingly silly as well. Let's be honest, a few words are more entertaining than others. Tragically for the Ford Motor Company, their vehicle name Edsel was too comical to even think about becoming well known. Ronald Dee Whites joke has the additional incongruity of being hit by the universes most secure vehicle. Hold up until the yoga class sees my executioner tree position. Startling Thats why a humorist must resemble an entertainer, ready to conceal his stunts. Or then again like a puzzle author, who needs her perusers state, I ought to have seen that coming precisely a fraction of the time and I could never have seen that coming the other portion of the time. On the off chance that perusers expect the punchline, it may not turn out entertaining. That is the reason a top notch joke may not seem like a joke until the end. I think my funniness, more than all else, relies upon gruffness. That is, the point at which I make individuals snicker, its frequently by being dead genuine. It shocks individuals that Im saying precisely whats occurring. For instance, we dont anticipate that an effective grown-up should concede theyre taking yoga classes to intrigue other fruitful grown-ups, and the joke is more entertaining a result of the disjointedness among intensity and yogas objective of accomplishing authority more than ones wants (I think). This is one of aro und twelve drafts of this joke. How might you change it to make it more amusing? At the point when I resulted in these present circumstances town, said the mogul specialist, I had just a quarter in my pocket. However, I utilized that quarter carefully. I called home for more cash. Savvy A decent joke goes past confusion to contact being human. Its indiscernible to pull a prank on a handicapped individual, but since its heartless and out of line, some way or another its not so much interesting. At the point when great triumphs over malice, or when a bombastic individual is lowered, that makes the joke all the more fulfilling. Furthermore, simply being human is frequently interesting. Our desires lead us to accept the agent will flaunt putting 25 pennies and transforming it into a million dollars. We havent accomplished something to that effect, however as opposed to making us feeling like disappointments, this joke lets us feel great that the businessperson didnt either. Aware Some pseudo-jokes are garbled yet not amusing in light of the fact that they dont bode well or regard their crowd. One is the wearisome shaggy pooch story whose punchline doesnt legitimize the time spent hearing it. In the first joke, after a long arrangement of superfluous diversions (one such joke takes 45 minutes to tell) that have little to do with the pooch being referred to, a character at last says in particular, Hes not all that shaggy. Another gathering of jokes shares the futile punchline: No cleanser, radio. But since the punchline isnt entertaining, these jokes are themselves pragmatic jokes. The teller gets unreasonable beguilement from his befuddled crowd (Get it? No cleanser RADIO! Ha!), either when they concede I dont get it, or when they profess to discover the joke hilarious. Two old women are in a café. One grumbles, You know, the food here is simply horrible. Different shakes her head and includes, And such little segments. Woody Allen Account If you need to contact your perusers humankind just as shock them, perhaps you shouldnt compose jokes, however compose stories. The best funniness incorporates the fundamental components of a story, for example, character and struggle and intelligence. On the off chance that you basically keep a standard joke structure, for example, garden way or opposite, your perusers may foresee your punchline. However, when you recount to a story, you may find your perusers napping they may not understand youre making a quip. Woody Allen portrays individuals we as a whole know, who gripe a ton, however his joke advises us that after a specific point, grumbling doesnt bode well. Amusingness is concentrated by researchers: University of Western Ontario brain science teacher Rod Martin has discovered in excess of 4,000 friend investigated diary articles on the brain science of cleverness. Yet, as you practice it, youll find that cleverness composing isn't just a science, however a workmanship also. You can never foresee with sureness what individuals will giggle at. Stop me if youve heard that one preceding. Need to improve your English in a short time a day? Get a membership and begin getting our composing tips and activities every day! Continue learning! Peruse the Freelance Writing class, check our well known posts, or pick a related post below:7 English Grammar Rules You Should KnowDoes Mr Take a Period?Using May in a Question

Criminal Justice Field Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Criminal Justice Field - Case Study Example As per her announcement, it is very evident that she knew about her better half's propensity for taking and showed that he was doing it so as to help them. A portion of the taken things were likewise recorded in the announcement related to Whitehead's remarks on to their proprietorship (Charlene Marie Whitehead v. Record No. 080775, 2). Be that as it may, during the preliminary in Circuit court for the city of Danville, Whitehead reviled all that she had shown in her announcement. She felt free to guarantee that she didn't think about Walden's propensity for breaking into individuals' vehicles. Rather all she knew was that Walden came back with a lot of things including cash. In any case, during the interrogation, Whitehead conceded that the things took back to the loft by Walden were not his. In a negating articulation, Walden denied having never given Whitehead any taken thing however he confessed on the issue. From the gave explanations, the preliminary court chose to unite Whitehead's forty reprobations to thirty two means tolerating taken things from her better half (Charlene Marie Whitehead v. Record No. 080775, 3). Consequently, the court passed a decision for each tally. Later on, during a condemning hearing the thirty two tallies were decreased to six checks whereby Whitehead was condemned to multi year's detainment with four years suspended on each tally, for an aggregate of 30 years detainment with 24 years suspended. Nonetheless, the preliminary court retained the condemning on the staying 26 checks molded on 25 years of good conduct. Showing up under the steady gaze of another appointed authority in a similar court who had been asked by the republic to drop her suspension, Whitehead conceded for abusing her probation. Subsequently, the preliminary court dropped its earlier suspension and condemned her to seventeen years, four months of detainment with 12 years, four months suspended, for a sum of 5 years notwithstanding her sentences of the new conviction (Charlene Marie Whitehead v. Record No. 080775, 4). The court of offers affirmed the new feelings and the denial request in an unpublished conclusion demonstrating that the proof was sufficient to help the court's condemning. From the data got, I will in general can't help contradicting the court of offer's decision on Whiteheads case; affirming Whitehead's feelings and the preliminary court's request for denial of her probation. This is because of the way that the province never fought that Whitehead was associated with the real robbery of things or that she got the taken properties from Walden. In spite of the fact that, there was some negating data from Walden with respect to her mindfulness on the taken things, the court of offer ought to have gone above and beyond and research the case. Jeffrey Wayne Rowe v. Record No. 081173 Case It was around 1:30 am on July 9, 2005 when Officer Brian J. Reasonable of the Virginia Beach police division saw a truck being driven wildly. Right now, he was in his dull blue uniform and was driving his own vehicle on his way home. He promptly reached the Virginia Beach police dispatcher mentioning for the warning of the episode to the Virginia state police since he accepted that the truck driver (Rowe) was smashed. In any case, he was educated that there were no accessible state police

Human Rights Example

Human Rights Example Human Rights â€" Essay Example > Human RightsThis paper explains what are human rights and analyzes human rights particularly focusing on the following points: why it is important for the international community that Prison Officers uphold a “human rights” approach towards prisoners even in difficult times. Furthermore the paper looks at the human rights in Irish prisons? how these rules have changed and compares to other prisons throughout the international community. What are “human rights”? According t? United Nations human right ?s are rudimentary privileges ?r flexibility t? which all human  beings are deserving ?nd ?n whose workout ? government may not hinder (including rights  t?  life ?nd liberty ?s  well ?s freedom  ?f  thought ?nd sign ?nd equality before th? law) (http: //www. un. org). In other phrases we should state that all human beings are born free ?nd equal ?n dignity ?nd rights. They are endowed with origin ?nd conscience ?nd should advance ?n th? main heading ?f one another ?n ?n essen ce ?f brotherhood. Everyone warrants t? all th? privileges ?nd freedoms set ahead ?n this Declaration? without distinction ?f any kind? for demonstration hurry? hue? sex? dialect? conviction? political ?r other mind-set? nationwide ?r communal source? dwelling? birth ?r other status. Furthermore? no distinction will be made ?n th? foundation ?f th? political? jurisdictional ?r worldwide grade ?f th? homeland ?r territory t? which ? one-by-one pertains? ?f ?t be unaligned? accept ?s factual? non-self-governing ?r under any other limitation ?f sovereignty. Human privileges are privileges inherent t? all human beings? any thing our nationality? position ?f dwelling? sex? nationwide ?r ethnic source? hue? conviction? dialect? ?r any other status. We are all equally warranting t? our human privileges without discrimination. These privileges are all interrelated? interdependent ?nd indivisible (Livingstone? 2000). Universal human privileges are often expressed ?nd guaranteed by guidelin e? ?n th? kinds ?f treaties? customary worldwide guideline? general standards ?nd other determinants ?f worldwide law. International human privileges guideline lays down obligations ?f Governments t? advance ?n certain ways ?r t? refrain from certain activities? ?n alignment t? boost ?nd fight back human privileges ?nd rudimentary freedoms ?f individuals ?r groups. Why ?s ?t important for th? international community that Prison Officers uphold ? “human rights” approach towards prisoners even ?n difficult times? It ?s significant for worldwide community t? have Prison Officer ?n support ?f ? human privileges even ?n tough times because ?f following reasons: for th? reason ?f th? identification ?f its obligation t? aid th? community with full esteem for th? human dignity ?nd privileges ?f every one-by-one? both ?n custody ?nd ?n th? broader community? for th? reason ?f identification that ?t ?s obliged t? help every lawbreaker reside ?s ? guideline abiding one-by-one ?nd that th? Service can aid t? their appreciating their promise ?nd t? accept ?s factual ?n making accessible t? each one-by-one ?n custody position ?nd services befitting t? their well being ?nd one-by-one development (Kilkelly? 2009). International regulation ?n prisoners' privileges ?nd penal principle ?s broad ?n scope ?nd detailed. From ?n Irish viewpoint? four treaties conceive binding obligations applicable t? th? remedy ?f prisoners: th? European Convention ?n Human Rights (ECHR)? th? Convention for th? Prevention ?f Torture ?nd Inhuman ?nd Degrading Treatment from th? Council ?f Europe? th? International Covenant ?n Civil ?nd Political Rights (ICCPR) ?nd th? Convention against Torture (CAT) from th? United Nations (Human Rights Committee? 1982). Each has been approved by Ireland? significance that th? State ?s needed lawfully t? apply ?nd observe its provisions (Kilkelly? 2009). The ECHR ?s th? only equipment ?f these four t? have effect ?n Irish regulation? by virtue ?f th? ECHR Ac t? 2003? ?nd ?s ?n outcome? its measures have supplemented worth ?n th? household lawful system. Also significant are th? Council ?f Europe European Prison Rules? not binding per se? but nonetheless ?n significant source ?f comprehensive ?nd comprehensive guidance ?n this locality furthermore (Kilkelly? 2009). Each ?f these devices ?s enforced ?n distinct ways? whereas th? most well liked procedure utilised ?s supervising by ?n professional managing assembly? for example th? Human Rights Committee which monitors th? ICCPR? ?r th? Committee for th? Prevention ?f Torture (CPT)? which monitors th? Convention for th? Prevention ?f Torture (Human Rights Committee? 1982). These methods offer th? Government ?nd significant opening t? enlist with worldwide professionals ?n ? constructive ?nd co-operative kind? with ?n outlook t? accomplishing larger implementation ?f th? applicable measures worried (Livingstone? 2000). While this procedure relishes varying qualifications ?f achievement ?n conveying about change? although? ?t does not offer ? remedy t? one-by-one complainants? making these devices tough t? enforce ?n lawful terms.

Knack vs Craft in Gorgias Essay - 737 Words

In the book Gorgias Socrates finds himself in an argument with Polus and Gorgias about whether oratory is a knack or a craft. Socrates’ opinion is that oratory is not a craft but rather a knack. When looking at the distinction between a knack and a craft it is commonly agreed upon that a knack is simply something that one is instinctively better at than others and a craft is a skill that one acquires through pursuit. With this said, the distinction that Socrates makes between a knack and a craft is a much deeper and more abstract one. Socrates argues that a knack is part of a shameful practice, that practice being flattery, and is only in accordance with what is most pleasant at the time, where as a craft deals with fitness of†¦show more content†¦The same goes for gymnastics and cosmetics. Cosmetics may make you look like you are healthy but they do not make you actually healthy, where as gymnastics knows what’s best for your physical health (Plato 25,26 ). This is what Socrates specifically refers to as flattery and is such the thing that he finds to be shameful because it does not take into consideration what is best for both the body and soul but instead guesses at what is most pleasant at the moment (Plato 25). Without the soul to govern the body the world would not know what is best for it. This is what makes a knack undesirable and shameful. What Socrates is ultimately saying is that flattery is deception and that is exactly what oratory is. Socrates’ argument about oratory being a knack, and a knack being part of a shameful practice, is backed up by his premises and thus makes his argument valid. The premises consisted of the four parts of flattery and each of their counter parts that are found in a craft. After he explains the four parts of both a knack and a craft he explains how a knack is only what is best for the time being, where as

Late Medieval Italy ( 13th And 13th Centuries ) - 1868 Words

Late Medieval Italy (13th and 14th centuries) ( Syed Meesam Rasool) Chapter 14 We begin our narrative into the Late Medieval period. Europe was prospering with good crop harvest, expanding population and a degree of economic stability in the Eurasian trade routes, brought about by the Mongol rule in the east. Focus of this paper is mainly in Italy, at this time in Italy, there were no centralized monarchy, and rather we have land primarily divided into city states having their own ruling parties. The kingdom of Naples and Sicily in the south, the papacy ruling the center of the peninsula and†¦show more content†¦He wasn’t the very first artist to come upon these ideals but he has given this mantle by Giorgio Vasari in his book written in 1550 titled â€Å" The Lives of the artists†. Vasari was contemporary to many famous Renaissance artists that we know about including Michelangelo. Giotto’s Early work is seen in the freshness of the upper church of San Francisco in Assisi. It is possible that he worked on the upper church with his teacher Cimabue. Giotto took the expertise of his teacher and refined it into more naturalistic degree. This can be seen in Cimabue’s Madonna Enthroned with Angels and Prophets and Giotto’s Madonna Enthroned. Giotto’s version had figures more rendered and there is a refining of the features, the drapery and the painting as a whole, you can see the light source coming from the single direction and illuminating the figures on each side. This helps create sense of space and believability. This same painting was also painted by another artist in Siena named Duccio. The more mature work of Giotto which made him the leader in the development of the western paining is the fresno’s in the Arena Chapple. These painting were executed as Fresco, a method whereby moist plaster was applied only to an area of the painting that could be painted within that same day. It is possible that Giotto could have employed members of his workshop to help paint the less significant figures and details of the painting. ThisShow MoreRelatedFeudal Europe Essay1611 Words   |  7 Pagesgovernance. Germanic invaders settled in the land and the dark ages ensued. Rome’s legacy was the Roman Catholic Church with its power and influence becoming part of the feudal ruling class. Anderson (1978) intimates feudalism emerging in the 10th century with France preceding. Feudal Europe was structured as follows: - The King at the top of society was feudal Lord, the divine monarch ordained by God giving the law. The Barons swore deference to the King providing him with Knights for battle and inRead MoreThe Transition Of Art, Music, And Literature From The Gothic Age Through The Renaissance1261 Words   |  6 Pagesthat were born throughout the centuries are still alive today. Byzantine art is the name for the imaginative products of the Eastern Roman Empire, as well as the nations and states that inherited culturally from the empire. Though the empire itself emerged from Rome s decline. Many Eastern Orthodox states in Eastern Europe, as well as to some degree the Muslim states of the eastern Mediterranean, preserved many aspects of the empire s culture and art for centuries afterward. A number of statesRead MoreThe Transition Of Art, Music, And Literature From The Gothic Age Through The Renaissance1261 Words   |  6 Pagesthat were born throughout the centuries are still alive today. Byzantine art is the name for the imaginative products of the Eastern Roman Empire, as well as the nations and states that inherited culturally from the empire. Though the empire itself emerged from Rome s decline. Many Eastern Orthodox states in Eastern Europe, as well as to some degree the Muslim states of the eastern Mediterranean, preserved many aspects of the empire s culture and art for centuries afterward. A number of statesRead MoreSummary of Medieval and Renaissance Criticism1505 Words   |  7 PagesSummary of Medieval and Renaissance Criticism Submitted by R. Zothanmawia V Semester BA R/no: 1101BA005 MEDIEVAL CRITICISM The period between the Classical Age and the Renaissance is vaguely named the Middle Age or the Medieval Age. In England, this period spans eight centuries and historians place it from the year of composition of Beowulf in 725 AD to 1474 AD when Caxton published the first book ever printed. 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The Este family is known for building the Diamanti Palace, as well as the famous Este Castle. The Castello Estense, also known as the Este Castle is a historical building in the center of the city of Ferrara, Italy. This medieval castle served as a fortress for the Este family during the late 1300s. This castleRead MoreHistory Is the Piano Essay1914 Words   |  8 PagesMaria Darbinian Prepared For: Professor Daniel Moser Introduction to Humanities DeVry University Online In the 1700’s the piano was invented by Bartolomeo Cristofori in Florence, Italy first introduced to the world as the pianoforte meaning â€Å"Soft loud†. â€Å"In the last quarter of the 18th century the piano had become the leading instrument of the western art of music that still lives on till today as an exotic instrument played by talented people in the world.† (Wendy Powers, 2003) Music

Watchmen Free Essays

The Mysterious Building My favorite short story was the â€Å"Sonata for Harp and Bicycle† written by Josh Alike. The story was taking place during Halloween In London and about this guy Jason that wants to know why everyone has to leave work by 5 o’clock every night. Only certain people know why. We will write a custom essay sample on Watchmen or any similar topic only for you Order Now MISS Golden (Bernice), a friend of Jason, knows why but can’t tell anyone. One night, Jason went inside the building using the fire escape to see what goes on in the building after dark. Jason went through doors and heard a bell that was ringing quietly and then was silenced. Then Jason heard this person whispering â€Å"Daisy, Daisy† (Ms. Bell). Jason said that he wasn’t Daisy and the voice said he was on private property and he shouldn’t be here. This person was pushing Jason to the fire escape. Jason ran down the fire escape as fast as he could. The next day Miss Golden saw Season’s hair and it was a stippled silver color. Miss Golden asked Jason if he went into the building last night after everyone left. Jason said â€Å"Tell me the true story. † This guy William Heron, the wailing watchmen, had a crush on Ms. Bell. Ms. Bell would each people the harp, and at eleven dock each night they have a picnic supper. One night, the watchman was going to propose to her but she never showed up. Ms. Bell was using a graham bell to wake herself up at ten to meet him and that night the bell failed and she missed meeting William. So MISS Golden and Jason thought they can get the watchmen and Ms. Bell back together because if you see the watchmen you have five days to live. One night they went into the building to get them back together. They woke up Ms. Bell to go meet the watchmen. The watchmen and Ms. Bell got together at last. Miss Golden and Jason Jumped out of the fire escape together. Sonata for Harp and Bicycle† is my favorite short story because of suspense, the setting and symbolism of Ms. Bell and the watchmen. Suspense is one of the literary elements that helped makes this story a little scary. It was suspenseful when everyone had to leave the building by 5 clock pm. I wondered what Jason Is going to find in the building when he went in there after hours. Is Jason going to live for fiv e days after he left the building? A suspenseful moment Is when â€Å"Jason opened a door at random; then another, offices lay everywhere about him, empty and forbidding† (50). Jason thinks he shouldn’t be in there. Everything seemed like people just left but he could still feel a presence of someone there. The setting is another part that is my favorite literary element that helped make this story come to life. The setting was in London during Halloween at night. Jason and Miss Golden went down the fire escape ten minutes before midnight. Then Jason said â€Å"We don’t want our evening to be spoiled by the thought of a curse hanging over us† (56). Jason wants to make sure the curse will not come true. Jason and Miss golden Jumped out of the building so they don’t have to deal with the curse If It ever comes true. Lastly, symbolism Is one of the literary elements that helped make this story unique. The flowers mean love. The harp means Ms. Bell Is around playing/teaching her harp. The bicycle means the watchmen is around somewhere. The watchmen supper every night at eleven† (52). They had a very strong relationship. Whoever you are, you are always unique. Suspense, setting and symbolism of Ms. Bell and the watchmen made â€Å"Sonata for Harp and Bicycle my favorite short story. This story was kind of scary but also a love story. Suspense, setting and symbolism all fit in this story because they all have their important parts. I think Miss Golden and Jason should have lived instead of going down the fire escape. I liked how the watchmen and Ms. Bell had different talents. I also think that the book should have went on and said what the watchmen and Ms. Bell did after the watchmen propose to her. This is my favorite short story because I think it had a lot of different parts when suspense came in so you want to keep on reading. How to cite Watchmen, Papers

Shakespeare’s Frankenstein or History’s Victim free essay sample

Richard’s first line in the play is, â€Å"I am determined to prove a villain† (Act 1, scene 1) shows Shakespeare’s intent to put Richard III in a negative light. â€Å"If asked of an average person to describe King Richard III, most would probably come up with a picture straight out of Shakespeare† (RichardIII. com) . Paul Murray Kendall wrote, ‘While the Tudor chroniclers made up the minds of subsequent historians about Richard III, Shakespeare has made up the imagination of everybody else† (Richard III. com). Richard III is portrayed as a deformed hunchback who ruthlessly lies, murders, and manipulates his way to throne. So the question is was Richard III a monster or was this a ploy by Shakespeare to kiss up to the higher elites such as Queen Elizabeth I, who was a Tudor and the granddaughter of Richards replacement, King Henry VII. The Real Richard III Richard was born on 2 October 1452 at Fotheringay Castle in Northamptonshire (Wikipedia). We will write a custom essay sample on Shakespeare’s Frankenstein or History’s Victim or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page His father was Richard Plantagenet, Duke of York and his mother Cecily Neville. Richard had a claim to the English throne through both parents (Kendall p. g. 15). In the play Shakespeare never mentioned this part of Richard’s III life. According to BBC. com, Richards’s father conflict with Henry VI was a major cause of the Wars of the Roses, which dominated Richards early life. His father and older brother died at the Battle of Wakefield in 1460. In 1461, Richards brother, Edward, became Edward IV and granted him duke of Gloucester (bbc. com). In 1470, Edward and Richard were exiled when Henry VI was briefly restored to the throne. The following year, they returned to England and Richard contributed to the Yorkist victories at Barnet and Tewkesbury which restored Edward to the throne (bbc. com). Richard was named as protector of the realm for Edwards son and successor, the 12-year-old Edward V (bbc. com). As the new king travelled to London from Ludlow, Richard met him and escorted him to London, where he was lodged in the Tower. One can only wonder how Shakespeare came by this monstrous characterization. Living in the reign of Elizabeth I, he probably had no choice but to describe him that way. The Tudors, who destroyed the House of York at the Battle of Bosworth in 1485, did not want the last Yorkist king to have a sympathetic image, hence the desire to bend the truth. (Wood p. g. 245). Shakespeare probably took what he was given and asked no questions. Richard was not extremely handsome by any standards, but he was definitely not deformed – he was an able warrior (which Shakespeare does give him credit for in the play). His reign as king was short, only because he lacked leadership not because he was caught in a tangled web of evil plots that Shakespeare assigns to him. Shakespeare’s Richard III Now here is Shakespeare’s version of Richard III that everyone seems to associate with more. In the play version of Richard III, he is deemed a sociopath that lacks empathy based upon emotions with his victims. Although he has linguistic abilities, he lacks complete understanding, and capacity to appreciate moral rules responding to his choice of actions. This kind of person is not deemed a criminal, as his offenses are usually significant and are rather considered to be morally and socially wrong. This made up version of Richard III is one who can get away with illegal or socially objectionable behavior in his own interest. This sums up Shakespeare’s Richard III character in the play and his constant manipulation of those around him. Shakespeare really goes out of his way to breathe graphic and poisonous life into this villainous almost satanic creation. At the start of the play Shakespeare has Richard explain his deformity to the audience, he believes that his deformity was a curse by God and there for makes him inherently evil. Richard is the dominant character of the play; he is both the main character of the story and its main villain. Richard III is an intense exploration of the psychology of evil, and that exploration is centered on Richard’s mind (sparknotes. com). But despite his open allegiance to evil, he is such a charismatic and fascinating figure that, for much of the play, we are likely to sympathize with him, or at least to be impressed with him (spark notes). In this way, our relationship with Richard mimics the other characters ‘relationships with him, conveying a powerful sense of the force of his personality (Spark notes). In the beginning of the play Richard shows no shame in revealing his true intentions to the audience: â€Å"Since I cannot prove a lover, to entertain these fair well-spoken days, I am determined to prove a villain and hate the idle pleasures of these days† (Act 1. Scene 1). Richard has a serious â€Å"Lack of Remorse† for those around him; for instance In Act I, Scene II, Richard convinces Lady Anne to be his Duchess at her dead husbands funeral. He turns up at the funeral to tell her that he murdered the one she loved out of passion. Naturally Anne curses Richard for his vile deed upon first seeing him along the funeral route. But because of Richards amazing linguistic skills she ends up submissive as he defends himself from all her accusations under the circumstances of a crime only committed for the sake of love. Anne is blown away by Richards willingness and accepts his offer, maybe out of fear. After Anne leaves Richard brags of his success, Was ever a woman in this humor wood? Was ever a woman in this human won(Act I, scene II). He goes on with his wrong doings as he zeros in on his next victim. Hastings who was helping Richard gain control of the throne becomes that next victim. Lord Hastings enjoyed sitting back and watching the death of enemies, but at the same time not knowingly misjudging his own position in Richards plans. He failed to heed the warning from his friend from Stanley â€Å"Three times today my foot-cloth horse did stumble, and started when he looked upon the tower, as loath to bear me to the slaughterhouse(Act I, Scene III). Not too long afterwards Hastings found himself getting sent off to the tower by Richard to be put to death. Even though these two agreed to help each other get what they want, Richard’s lack of remorse didn’t stop him from betraying Hastings. By modern day standards, sociopaths such as Richard do not see others around them as people, but only as targets and opportunities. Instead of friends, they have victims and accomplices who end up as victims. The end always justifies the means and they let nothing stand in their way (factnet. org). The play Richard III is often and mistakenly considered historical context by those who have only come in contact with Shakespeare’s rendition. What we must all understand is that this play was Elizabethan propaganda. This is why Richard III, the only alternative to Tudor rule is shown to have broken practically every social and moral law that society holds in high regards.

buy custom The Emergence of Modernism essay

buy custom The Emergence of Modernism essay Emergence is the beginning of something new, while modernism is a periodical change in time; in this case, writers and artists broke tradition and found new ways of experiencing and displaying art and literature. This paper discusses at least three motivating factors that led Latin American artists and writers in the emergence of new literary and artistic styles. Literature is a form of art in whereby the artists express themselves using form and color purely to communicate with the audience. Art is a form of self-expression of writers and artists. European Romanticism was one of the motivating and influential factors that steered the writers into the emergence of new literary and artistic styles at the end of the twentieth century. This referred to various artistic, intellectual and social trends of that era. This artistic, literary and intellectual movement strengthened during the industrial revolution at the end of the century, because it opposed aristocratic norms of age and stirred positive reaction to the scientific realizatio of the nature. Therefore, Romanticism strongly embodied in arts and literature, makes a significant and new impact on the literary and artistic styles used by the writers. The Romanticism era influences a new literary genre that Latin American writers still mimic presently, short stories, novels and poems replaced sermons and manifestos. The New Romantic literature personified and showed intense emotion that never before existed in neoclassical literature (North 63). The emergence of a genre of art, known as Magical Realism, motivated writers more; hence, they formed and expressed their ideas in the new literary and artistic styles, creating something different. Writers got inspired to use this genre because it does not depend on nature or physical laws, but instead uses the same to disrupt reality in creating disproportionate views. This realism genre influenced the writers in that, after the war, America was in need of literature that would explain what had happened to the society. Therefore, "American writers used this to turn to modernism" (Kidwell and Alan 299). This new literary style was unbiasedly and accurately applied in bringing out the events after the war and getting solutions to the suffering of people exposed to war. This realistic movement saw authors depicting what life is and its problems accurately (Kidwell and Alan 29). Marxist criticisms, especially those derived from his theories, not only affected the writers, but also motivated them into coming up with new literary and artistic styles that emphasized the cultural and political context of text production (Tenenbaum 52). His theories had a strong effect on both political and economic thought in the world, hence, writers sought new literary and artistic styles to in need to emphasize how vital it was to struggle for a change and class through conflict. In conclusion, Modernism has its roots in the twentieth century, but still flourishes with time, as writers and artists seek a break in tradition and a new form of representation of experience, hence, the emergence of new literary and artistic styles in their work. Buy custom The Emergence of Modernism essay

How Many Recommendation Letters For College Do I Need

How Many Recommendation Letters For College Do I Need SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips Colleges ask for all different numbers of recommendation letters. Each college sets its own policy, so it's always a good idea to double check each school on your list to make sure you understand exactly what it wants. Typically, colleges want you to send a recommendation letter from your counselor. Additionally, they may ask for one, two, or, in rare cases, three letters from your teachers. This guide will go over the different guidelinesso you know how many recommendationsto collectwhen applying to colleges. First, let’s go overthe different options. How Many Recommendation Letters Do Schools Require? You might need anywhere from zero to four letters of recommendations. As mentioned above, the majority of colleges want to see at least an evaluation from your school counselor. On top of this, many colleges, especially those selecting on the basis of academic merit, seek one or two teacher recommendations. Few colleges want to see three; usually, you’ll only need three recs if you’re applying to military school. To find information on your specific colleges of interest, you can look on their admissions websites. If you’re using the Common Application, then your app should also be customized to each school and its expectations. While this guide doesn’t cover every single college in the US (there are thousands!), it will go over some popular schools and their recommendation letter requirements. Let’s start with schools that have minimum requirements and work our way up to the schools with the most. You're off the hook for recommendation letters at these schools. Popular Schools with No Recommendation Requirement There are some schools, including competitive ones, that don’t require any recommendation letters at all. Some of these may have a general â€Å"no rec letter† policy, but still advise you to check with your particular department or program. Others may ask you to send a recommendation letter later in the year. Some of you reading this might breathe a sigh of relief, while others may want to send a rec letter and be disappointed. If you fall into the latter group, should you send your letter(s) anyway? Again, it’s always a good idea to check your school’s website for information or call its admissions office directly for its advice. Some schools will read your letters if you want to send them, while others arerather adamant about not sending any. Here are a few schools that, generally speaking, don’t require recommendation letters: Penn State University (unless specified by a program) University of California schools University of Minnesota University of Texas University of Washington Now for the schools that require one letter of recommendation - but only from your counselor. If you're applying to any of the schools below, then a trip to your guidance department is in order. Popular Schools that Require One Counselor Recommendationand No TeacherRecommendations These schools just want to see an evaluationfrom your school counselor. As you can see, most of these schools are open to you sending a teacher evaluation if you think it will be helpful to your application. College of William and Mary (teacher recommendationis optional) Georgia Institute of Technology (teacher evaluation is recommended, but not required) James Madison University (teacher recommendation is optional) University of Richmond If you do decide to send a teacher rec when it’s not required, make sure it’s a strong, substantial letter that you feel will truly help your candidacy. A common requirement of many four year colleges is one counselor recommendation and one teacher recommendation. These next schools want you to send two letters of recommendation, as indicated by the diesmbodied floating hand. Popular Schools that Require One Counselor and One Teacher Recommendation These schools want to seeoneletter each from your school counselor and a teacher. University of Delaware (one required, suggests that most applicants submit more than one letter) Georgia Tech Mills College NYU University of Maryland University of Massachusetts University of Virginia Wake Forest University More selectivecolleges tend to require a counselor letter of rec and two teacher letters of recommendation. Check out of some popular schools with this requirement below. If you're applying to any of the schools below, hopefully you have three smiling educators ready to write amazing things about you! Popular Schools that Require One Counselor and Two Teacher Recommendations Since these schools are particularly selective for academic ability, it makes sense that they want to hear about you and your work as a student from two different teachers. Amherst College Duke University Sarah Lawrence College Barnard College Emory University Scripps College Bates College Harvard University Skidmore College Boston College Harvey Mudd College Smith College Bowdoin College Haverford College Stanford University Brown University Johns Hopkins University Swarthmore College Bryn Mawr College Juilliard School Syracuse University California Institute of Technology Massachusetts Institute of Technology Trinity College Case Western Reserve University Middlebury College United State Coast Guard Academy Colby College Mount Holyoke College University of Chicago Colgate University New England Conservatory of Music University of Pennsylvania Colorado College Oberlin College Vanderbilt University Columbia University Occidental College Washington and Lee University Connecticut College Pitzer College Wellesley College Cornell University Pomona College Wheaton College** Dartmouth College* Princeton University Williams College Davidson College* Reed College Yale University *Dartmouth and Davidson additionally require a peer recommendation with the two teacher recommendations.**Wheaton requires one teacher rec and one pastoral rec Up until this point, you either had no choice in your recommender (as with your counselor) or could just choose one teacher. But as for the schools that require two letters, do they have any requirements about who exactly you ask to recommend you? Guidelines for Your TwoTeacher Recommendations In terms of who you ask, colleges typically ask you to provide a range of perspectives, like one letter from a science or math teacher and one from a humanities or social studies teacher (this includes technical schools like MIT and CalTech). The other common policy is that the school leaves the choice up to you. In pretty much any case, you should ask two teachers from core courses. If you’re applying to an art or performance school, like Juilliard or the New England Conservatory of Music, then one of your letters should be an artistic recommendation from a private studio teacher, conductor, coach, or artistic mentor. As you saw above, a select few schools, like Dartmouth, Davidson, and Wheaton, get specific about additional peer or pastoral recommendations, but these are definitely exceptions. Now that you have a sense of the colleges that want two teacher recommendations, take a look at the few that want three (FYI,they’re all military schools). Military Schools that Require One Counselor and Three Teacher Recommendations These schools also require a nomination from a Congressperson, which essentially counts as another recommendation, bringing the number required up to five! US Air Force Academy US Navy Academy (math, English teachers and Blue Gold officer) US Merchant Marine Academy US Military Academy (West Point) Above, we briefly touched on whether or not you should send a letter even if your school doesn’t require it. On a similar note, should you ever send an extra letter? Extra! Extra! Read all about me! Can You Send Extra Recommendation Letters? Logistically, you should be able to send an extra recommendation letter via mail or assigning an additional recommender on your school application or Common Application. Many schools allow this option, but you should be cautious and make sure you understand your school's opinion about sending extra material. Each school has its own stance on supplemental letters. If your school allows it, you want to make sure an extra letter adds something substantial to your application and comes from an authoritative source, like a community supervisoror spiritual leader with whom you've worked closely. Another circumstance in which an extra letter could be a good idea is if you attend a huge high school and haven't gotten to know your teachers or counselor very well. Again, make sure to learn about your school's policy. You don't want to play into the old admissions saying, "The thicker the file, the thicker the kid." Admissions officers usually don't look fondly on too much extra material. Rather than helping your application, excessive supplemental could just end up raising red flags about the strength of your candidacy. While researching your colleges' requirements is a critical first step in planning your recommendation letters, there are several other factors that require your attention. Read on for more on gathering recommendation letters, along withthe resources that canhelp you through the process. Tell me more. What Else Do You Need to Know About Recommendation Letters? Before you invite your recommenders to submit their letters online, you should be thoughtful about who you ask and howyou make your requests. Make sure to ask teachers of core subjects who know you well and give them all the necessary information at least a month in advance, if not in the spring of junior year. To get your best letter, part of this information should be a detailed resume and "brag sheet." Plus you can make appointments with your teachers and counselor to talk about your goals and what you'd like them to include in your letter. Finally, make sure you understand your rights surrounding your rec letters and how to approach the FERPA question on your application. Then you can invite your recommenders and know that you did everything you could to get the best letters for your college application. The rest is up to them, except for that final step in the process - sending thank you cards for all their help! What's Next? Now that you have access to guides on everything you need to know about rec letters, check out this complete guide that takes you through the steps of applying to college. This guide includes everything you need to know about the appplication process. If you're just starting to research colleges, check out this article on how to choose a college and all the questions to ask yourself when planning for your future! Want to improve your SAT score by 160points or your ACT score by 4 points?We've written a guide for each test about the top 5 strategies you must be using to have a shot at improving your score. Download it for free now:

Early Childhood Studies Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

Early Childhood Studies - Essay Example This paper stresses that the process of children with special needs is tied with the Reformation of Europe which saw the promotion of childhood as a unique state in a person’s life where s/he has to be segregated and taught things that will be beneficial to him or her in life. The Industrial Revolution did not come up with any rules and regulations that directly affect or influence children with learning disabilities. Thiis report makes a conclusion that the main framework of relevant laws today have its roots in the Education Act 1944 which sought to promote children with special needs’ requirements and their identification. Also, the institution of laws and regulations relating to the identification of children with special needs and helping them got a major boost with the Warnock Report which came up in 1978 and was implemented in the Education Act of 1981. These rules created a framework that supported the medical and physical assessment of children with special needs in order to keep them in special schools. These assessments were regulated and they were given various yardsticks and guidelines. The author approves that these rules were later modified by the Labour Government and this was complemented by the Human Rights Act 1998, which allowed the UK to create rules and regulations that relating to children with special needs that was in sync with the existing regulations. The SEN And Disability Act of 2001 was complemented by the 2004 SEN Strategy that was meant to remove barriers towards achievement and enhance investments into various charitable organisations that were focused on persons with disabilities.

Family Related Issues Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Family Related Issues - Assignment Example Department of Labor, 2010). Logically, if a loco parentis is a suitably related person to the employee to qualify for care under the FMLA, then a biological father, regardless of the quality or quantity of his parenting, qualifies. Legally, the law designates â€Å"biological† parent, but that brings up an interesting dilemma: what about a biological parent who gave up his/her child for adoption? In recent years, many adopted children have found their biological parents, or vice versa. Does the parent who relinquished his/her rights as the child’s parent qualify as a parent under the FMLA? Taking the law literally, s/he does because s/he is the biological parent. However, a judge may not interpret the spirit of the law in that way. The caveat for such tenuous relationships between employee and parent is the fact that the employee must document his/her relationship with the parent before taking family leave. In the same paragraph of the FMLA that defines the relationship s eligible for family leave, section j, titled â€Å"Documenting relationships,† it says, â€Å"For purposes of confirmation of family relationship, the employer may require the employee giving notice of the need for leave to provide reasonable documentation or statement of family relationship. This documentation may take the form of a simple statement from the employee, or a child's birth certificate, a court document,  etc.  The employer is entitled to examine documentation such as a birth certificate,  etc.† (U.S. Department of Labor, 2010). It seems as if the employer could demand some sort of unrealistic documentation of the eligibility of parent or employee to qualify for the family leave especially if time was an issue (i.e., the parent was dying), so if an employer wanted to prevent an employee from taking family leave, s/he could be in compliance with the law, but just unreasonable about the proof of the right to do so. That would probably discourage mos t employees from attempting to take family leave. 2. Explain whether the size of the business can have any effect on whether Tony is eligible for family leave under the FMLA.   The size of a business does matter. In the video, â€Å"Family Related Issues: Family and Medical Leave Act,† in response to Tony, the employee’s verbal request for leave, Herman, the boss, replies, â€Å"That's out of the question. This is a small business. Everyone is crucial.†Ã‚  Tony answers, â€Å"Small? You've got more than fifty employees, if you count everyone.† Herman counters with â€Å"Not full-time employees.† In Herman’s mind allowing Tony three weeks for family leave would cause him to lose money. He has just praised Tony for being the top salesman (Family and Medical Leave Act, 2004). However, Herman is wrong. Not all employers are required by federal law to allow family leave, but those with 50 or more employees are. Paragraph 825.105 of the FMLA giv es a lengthy description of how an employer, by virtue of the number of employees s/he employs, must comply with the federal law. Some of the more obvious characteristics that make an employer obliged to comply is the location of his/her business. That is, it must be within the United States or

Lipase Catalysed Synthesis of Bio-based Reactive Polyester

Lipase Catalysed Synthesis of Bio-based Reactive Polyester TITLE OF THE RESEARCH PAPER: Green polymer chemistry: lipase catalysed synthesis of bio-based reactive polyester employing itaconic anhydride as renewable monomer. JOURNAL: Polymer Journal (2014) 46, 2–13 INTRODUCTION SUMMARY This paper is about the lipase catalysed synthesis of reactive polyester. In this synthesis lipase used as natural catalyst. The synthesis of reactive polyester was done by ring opening addition condensation polymerization (ROACP) reaction with dehydration. Cyclic anhydride and diol were used. Itaconic anhydride (IAn) is renewable biomass material so it was ideal monomer for synthesis of reactive polyester. IAn is five membered cyclic anhydride. ROACP did not possible between IAn and diol so the monomer succinic anhydride (SAn) or glutaric anhydride (GAn) were used with IAn and diol. The diol used were 1, 4-butanediol (BD), 1, 6-hexanediol (HD), 1, 8-octanediol (OD) and 1, 10-decanediol (DD). ROACP reaction of IAn with the diols in the ratios of IAn: diol with lipase as a catalyst in presence of molecular sieves were studied at 25 ºC in toluene for 120h. From the GPC analysis it is observed that all the reaction remained inhomogenous during the reaction and gave only low-molecular weight product with Mn between 150 and 390. The NMR result show that starting IAn completely consumed in ring opening reaction so IAn alone does not show RCACP so the addition of other component or changing reaction condition necessary. For these regioselectivity and substrate selectivity examination of IAn done by using model reaction of IAn and n-octyl alcohol. For regioselectivity observation ROA reaction was performed with Novoenzyme 435 catalyst without molecular sieve in toluene at 25 ºC with stirring. The ÃŽ ²-selectivity value without lipase was 90% and with lipase catalysis was 49%. It was because the ÃŽ ²-carbonyl group is sterically more favourable than ÃŽ ±-carbonyl group group adjacent to the vinylidene group so it confirmed that reaction catalysed by lipase. In ROACP reaction first ring opening addition (ROA) reaction between cyclic anhydride and diol and after that dehydration condensation reaction between alcohol group and carboxylic acid group occur. Out of four d iol OD gives good result in terms of yield, molecular weight and number of unit per molecule. ROACP using IAn, SAn or GAn and diol produced polyester in good yield. From the SAn polyester with Mn value of 650-3510 with 1.3-2.6 units per molecule were obtained and from GAn these value were 560-3690 and 1.2-3.1 respectively. The polymer synthesized have application as macromonomer, telechelic or crosslinking reagent. 2. LITERATURE SURVEY The review of this manuscript and presentation of perspectives has been conducted based on an extensive survey of the manuscripts describing similar or related research. Renewable biobased polymeric materials: facile synthesis of itaconic anhydride-based copolymers with poly(L-lactic acid) grafts (Okuda et.al, 2012) Biobased material are environmental friendly so these material now a days used mostly for synthesis organic compound. Current paper used itaconic anhydride (IAn) and lactic acid (LA) as a renewable starting material for synthesis of biobased polymeric material of poly (lactic acid) (PLA)-graft copolymer. Synthesis of Poly (lactic acid) (PLA) was done by two way; ring-opening polymerization of lactide with a variety of metal or nonmetal catalysts and direct polycondensation of lactic acid (LA) with acid catalysts. Poly (lactic acid) (PLA)-graft copolymer were synthesized by two way macromonomer approach and copolymer approach. First the using IAn the methacryloyl-type polymerizable PLA macromonomer (IAn-PLA Macro) were formed and then its copolymerization with n-butyl methacrylate (BMA), n-butyl acrylate (BA), methyl methacrylate (MMA) or ethyl methacrylate (EMA) to give graft copolymer with molecular weight Mn up to 1.61Ãâ€"105and biomass content more than 34wt%. When copolymer appr oached employing IAn as comonomer for radical polymerization with BMA used then IAn-BMA copolymer with Mn 5.76Ãâ€"104 obtained. These two approaches are used for synthesis of PLA-graft copolymer as â€Å"biomass plastic† having various application. 2).Enzymatic Polymerization: A New Method of Polymer Synthesis (kobayashi 1999) Enzymatic polymerization refers to polymerization using an isolated enzyme outside the biological system through non-biosynthetic pathways. The present article gives idea about development of enzymatic polymerization technique. Hydrolases and oxidoreductase types of enzyme were used for polymerization. By using these enzymatic polymerization method various material synthesized including polysaccharide like chitin, cellulose, xylan and amylose and un-natural polysaccharide by glycosidase through various monomer. Oxidoreductase initiated vinyl polymerization. The polymerizability was depend on ring size, opposing to chemical catalysis where ring strain is operative. Enzymatic polymerization has advantages of high selectivity, ability to operate under mild condition, catalyst recyclability, and biocompatibility. 3. Dehydration polycondensation in water for synthesis of polyesters by lipase catalyst. (Suda et al., 1999) Lipase is natural catalyst used for synthesis of polyester .In the present paper aliphatic polyester was synthesized by dehydration polycondensation in water by using lipase as catalyst. Polymerization was carried out at 45 °C for 24 h .size exclusion chromatography (SEC) was used for molecular weight determination. Methanol was used for isolation by reprecipitation. Effect of reaction parameter and the lipase origin on the molecular weight and the polymer yield have been systematically measured in the combination of sebacic acid and 1,8-octanediol. When the experiment was carried without the lipase (control experiment) then the polymerization did not occur indicating that polymerization takes place due to lipase as catalyst. The effect of temperature, solvent and amount of enzyme and monomer were systematically measured. When enzyme concentration increased it was observed that the yield was increased. It was seen that monomer amount also affected polymerization behaviour .The poly merization behaviour depended on chain length of the monomer in the polymerization of a co-dicaboxylic acid and glycol. NMR and MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry was used for terminal structure analysis. 4 .Enzymatic polymerization towards biodegradable polyester nanoparticles (Taden et al., 2003) Biodegradable polymer nanoparticles synthesized from the direct enzymatic polymerization of miniemulsion consisting of lactone nanodroplets. For polymerization of lactone lipase as catalyst was very efficient. Lipases were ampiphilic molecule and they adsorb onto the hydro-phobic lactone nanodroplets. Ultrasonication was used for the miniemulsification until reaching equilibrium and measure by turbidity measurement. When DSC measurements was done it was observed that the dynamic crystallization point of the synthesized polyester were shifted much down that crystallization inside the droplets was supressed when polymerization condition applied. The melting point of dried polymer was determined by DSC method. Non-spherical aggregate was formed when crystallization carried out at low temperature. The pH of the minemulsion shifted to 5-6 after polymerization from 7. 5. Green Polymer Chemistry Using Nature’s Catalysts, Enzymes (Pukas et.al, 2009) Enzyme are the natural catalyst. The use of enzyme as a catalyst increases as substitute to chemical catalysis method of organic synthesis. The advantage of enzyme were ability to operate under mild condition, high selectivity, biocompatibility and recyclability. The polymer synthesis was done by enzyme and the most common example are polycondensation, oxidative polymerisation and ring opening polymerization. The use of enzyme as a catalyst in polymer science is important methodology for the synthesis of novel polymeric structure, which are impossible or difficult to prepare. 3. CRITICAL REVIEW 3.1 ORIGINALITY The present paper is about the lipase catalysed synthesis of bio-based reactive polyester employing itaconic anhydride as a renewable monomer. For reducing carbon dioxide emission polymeric material was produced from biobased renewable material. Thus poly-lactic acid has been produced using biobased renewable material. Work on the ring opening polymerization using enzyme catalyst was already done. The work on the lipase catalysed ring opening polymerization of dicarboxlyic acid was first done in 1993 for the ring opening addition condensation polymerization (ROACP) involving dehydration already carried out. The work on the â€Å"dehydration in water† using lipase catalysed polymerization to formed polyester in water was also done. From the extension of an all these studies the current paper include lipase catalysed synthesis reactive polyester employing itaconic anhydride (IAn), succinic anhydride (SAn) or glutaric anhydride as starting monomer with for diol. Even though the c oncept was not new but the work done was novel. The author done the work with using new monomer IAn and four diol. ROACP between two monomer itaconic anhydride and diol was not possible so the author added one extra polymer so that reaction completed. Author carried out model reaction for getting information about the regioselectivity and substrate selectivity of itaconic anhydride using n-octyl alcohol. 3.2 TECHNICAL CORRECTNESS Technically, this paper is almost correct. All the obtained results have been represented through lucid graphs. DATA REPRESENTATION All the employed methods have been well-described by the authors. This enabled easy and correct interpretation of some of the related plots and enabled the understanding of the associated concepts. The spectra included in the manuscript clearly represent the results obtained via various experiments and the theoretical discussion supports the results represented in these spectra; which enabled better understanding of the experiments and the concepts. FLOW OF EXPERIMENT The flow of the experiments conducted is logical. In the initial part of this paper, the scientists have given a brief introduction about biobased renewable material. The authors used some references to state the method for poly lactide synthesis using two method ring opening polymerization of lactide and direct polycondensation of lactic. Lipase catalysed ring opening polymerization of dicarboxylic acid anhydride involving dehydration. The reference also included the â€Å"dehydration in water† and have conducted green polymer chemistry. To the extension of these work done current paper utilised the itaconic anhydride as a starting biobased monomer to produce a poly (lactic acid) macromonomer. The strategy of synthesis of biobased reactive polyester from itaconic anhydride was like that itaconic anhydride does not react with diol alone so it is necessary that the monomer added so that the reaction was completed therefore succinic anhydride or glutaric anhydride was used in combination. During the synthesis all reaction were remained inhomogenous and gave only low molecular weight product with Mn values between 150 and 390 as determined by GPC analysis. The H ¹ NMR studies show that the itaconic anhydride was completely consumed during ring opening reaction. In addition to these EIS-TOF MS analysis show that reaction of itaconic anhydride with diol reaction gives mixture of 1:1 and 2:1 adduct of IAn: diol. From these it was conclude that in addition to main ROA reaction small extent of condensation and dehydration occurred. After these study the author pointed out why the itaconic anhydride alone does not initialised expected ring opening addition condensation polymerization reaction. The reason behind these was that itaconic anhydride is less reactive than succinic anhydride in dehydration step. The author gives the information from result that ROACP involves two different types of reaction a ROA between diol and cyclic anhydride and dehydration condensation between carboxylic acid group and alcohol group. Author carried out model reaction before the study of the ROACP reaction to obtain valuable information about the product polyester structure and fundamental aspects of itaconic anhydride. The model reaction carried out using n-octanol instead of a diol. The regioselectivity information obtained from reaction carried out with novoenzyme 435 catalyst without molecular sieve in toluene at 25 °C. The author interpreted from result that was obtained from H ¹ NMR. The ÃŽ ²-selectivity value with lipase catalysis was 49% and without lipase catalysis was 90% and thus demonstrate that reaction was governed by lipase catalysis. Author also focus on the substrate selectivity in the reactant in order to prepare reactive polyester. The result from H ¹ NMR studies show that after 3h the IAn and SAn were 13% and 27% consumed respectively and without lipase catalyst these reaction did not occur. Author carried ROACP reaction under different condition using IAn, SAn and diol. IAn: SAn: diol were 2.5:2.5:5.0 and 1.4.0:5.0 taken for synthesis of polyester. When reaction carried out in without novoenzyme 435 no product was formed which insoluble in n-hexane. When the reaction carried out with the lipase but without the molecular sieve, reaction system becomes homogenous to synthesized polymeric product with low Mn .When the molecular sieve were added ROACP was increased and gave the polyester with higher Mn values. Out four diol 1,8-octanediol was the most favourable diol in terms of molecular weight , yield and number of units per molecule. Then paper ended with a detailed discussion on various parameters studied and results observed, which was followed by an appropriate conclusion. 3.3 CLARITY In this paper, the authors have lucidly explained the background of the topic, which gives a clear dogma of the researched topic. Explanation of some concepts enables better understanding of the experiments and reveals the authors’ logical approach towards the work conducted. Each of the sub-topics well describe the basic concepts covered within them. There is no repetition of matter. Therefore paper is reasonably easy to follow and understand. 3.4 BIBLIOGRAPHY Authors have provided 38 references; all the references have been cited in course of the discussion. All references are formatted as per guidelines mentioned for authors by the publishers of this scientific journal. Statements in paper can be correctly interpreted by referring to the cited references. 3.5 TITLE AND ABSTRACT Title of the paper is â€Å"Green polymer chemistry: lipase catalysed synthesis of bio-based reactive polyester employing itaconic anhydride as renewable monomer†. It is self-explanatory. By looking at the title we can get clear idea that the experiment includes synthesis of biobased reactive polyester using itaconic anhydride as a renewable monomer and lipase as a natural catalyst. The abstract of the paper presents an overview of the various studies conducted in the manuscript and briefly presents experimental framework and the most important results obtained by the authors. The abstract of paper is of appropriate length and sufficient to give clear idea about what work has been done. The abstract brings out all the main points of paper. 3.6 ILLUSTRATION AND TABLES The spectra and graphical representations as well as the table represented in the paper are appropriate. The results discussed in the text are accurately represented in the graphs and spectra. They are self-explanatory and simple to understand. There searchers have provided the analytical data of material synthesized during their research. This included Mass spectra, proton NMR spectra and IR spectra of precursor material and intermediate synthesized to point out the differences between the various polymer synthesized during the work using different combination of a monomer in different ratio using different diol and different reaction condition as a proof of the polymer being synthesized varies according to a reaction condition and monomer and its concentration. 3.7 ALTERNATIVE INTERPRETATION No alternative interpretation can be made from the obtained results. All the conclusions made by the author are correct and justify the results obtained. REFERENCES 17 Kobayashi, S. (1999). Enzymatic polymerization: a new method of polymer synthesis. J. Polym. Sci. Part a 37, 3041–3056. 26 Suda, S., Uyama, H. Kobayashi, S. (1999). Dehydration polycondensation in water for synthesis of polyesters by lipase catalyst. Proc. Jpn Acad. B. 75, 201–206. 29 Taden, A., Antonietti, M. Landfester, K. (2003). Enzymatic polymerization towards biodegradable polyester nanoparticles. Macromol. Rapid Commun. 24, 512–516. 34 Puskas, J. E., Sen, M. Y. Seo, K. S. (2009). Green polymer chemistry using nature’s catalyst, enzymes. J. Polym. Sci. Part a 47, 2959–2976. 15 Okuda, T., Ishimoto, K., Ohara, H. Kobayashi, S. (2012). Renewable biobased polymeric materials: facile synthesis of itaconic anhydride-based copolymers with poly (L-lactic acid) grafts. Macromolecules 45, 4166–4174.

Issuing Public Offering Essay

Financial Markets the world over are classified into two types of markets; the primary and secondary markets. The primary market is a market for new securities issued by the corporations to raise capital, on the other hand secondary markets deal in trade of securities previously issued by corporations, transactions in the secondary market typically do not involve the corporations whose financial assets are traded between two investors. The most popular method of going public is the IPO or the Initial Public Offering method. The IPO involves a financial intermediary such as an investment bank, which underwrites the new securities i. . buys the securities form the corporation and then resells it to investors. The investment bank assumes the risk of distributing the securities. However this process is only viable for large organization with strong liquidity position because it is extremely expensive, time consuming and risky (Underwriters can back out at the last moment). Alternately the corporation could use the Direct Public Offering (DPO) process, this is similar to the IPO process except that the corporation itself acts as the underwriter. The corporation registers its securities with the regulating body itself and sells it to investors directly. The process is considerably less costly however it is quite labor intensive. Other less conventional routes to the public securities market include utilizing the Exchange Act Registration of 1934. The organization can sell its shares privately to investors and register under the act, thereby listing the securities on the NASDAQ Over the Counter Bulletin Board (OTC-BB). The OTC-BB is not a stock exchange but allows brokers and investors to quote and trade the stock. The company (private) could also acquire major shares of a public company and become publicly listed. Ideally the public company has no assets, liabilities or operations, such firms are referred as public shells. Once the merger is consummated, the merged entity could change its name and management at the discretion of the private company. Another method o get publicly listed is through a registered spin off. Under this method the private corporation issues its common stocks to a publicly traded company, the stock sale is registered with the Securities Exchange Commission and these are distributed to the existing shareholders of the publicly traded corporation. This result in two companies with pubic shareholders, the spin off company can later list itself independently. Once the company goes public i. e. its securities are listed on the Securities Exchange Markets like the NYSE or NASDAQ, any future transaction of these securities becomes a secondary market transaction and prices are determined by the market dynamics. Equity or Debt Securities Before we decide on how to acquire the funds we must understand the effects of the anticipated recession on the financial market. A recession would be characterized by low level of economic activity. During a recession the demand for money will fall in the face of increased interest rates, which imply higher cost of money. The Federal Reserve on the other hand will try to stimulate the economy by loosening the money supply and driving interest rates down. Therefore there is a tendency for interest rates to decline especially in the short term. If I were the financial manager of the company, I would issue short-term callable bonds to finance the project. Once the economy goes into recession the interest rates would tend to decrease; this will make the bond trade in the secondary market for a premium value. Since the bonds are callable the company can call them at the quoted price. The decrease in interest rates will make the stock market more lucrative for investors as they could get higher returns on their investment in the stock market. Since the investors will pull the money out of the bond market and inject it in the stock market, it will lead to an increase in demand for stocks, pushing the prices of stocks upwards. As the prices of stocks would increase the company could sell its stock for higher par value in the market and generate additional funds.

A Good Man Is Hard And Good Country People By Flannery O ...

According to Earl Nightingale, â€Å"When you judge others, you do not define them, you define yourself.† This is a common thing that many people do throughout their lifetime. People might judge others to feel secure or to create an identity for themselves. Judging others by their appearance or by the things they own should not be a reason to dislike them. While it may be a common thing to do since we are all humans, it does come with some consequences. In Flannery O Connor s short stories â€Å"A Good Man is Hard to Find† and â€Å"Good Country People†, readers realize that the main characters tend to be judgmental about the people around them. Many of O’Connor’s stories have many religious themes in them, and both stories show it. O’Connor was a Catholic and like sharing her strong beliefs in them when writing her stories to set a goal to the readers. As Ed. Sara Constantakis states that O’Connor called this concept â€Å"Christian realism† (Constantakis, 2012). In her story â€Å"Good Country People† she could have based her main character Hulga as herself since she also had bad health. O’Connor was diagnosed with lupus at the age of twenty-five which was the same disease that had killed her father. Flannery moved to her mother’s house after many treatments and later moved to a farm with her mother. It is a coincidence that both Hulga and O’Connor lived in a farm and with their mothers at a young age. She would also base her stories in the south and would often show it by using the wordShow MoreRelatedA Good Man Is Hard And Good Country People By Flannery O Connor2428 Words   |  10 Pages In the short stories â€Å"A Good Man is Hard to Find† and â€Å"Good Country People,† Flannery O’Connor writes about violence. The violence in â€Å"A Good Man is Hard to Find† surprises the reader because it is unexpected. Flannery O’Connor lulls t he reader into a false sense of security and then pulls the rug out from under you at the end of the story. The violence is found within the character â€Å"The Misfit† and in his murderous actions. The violence in â€Å"Good Country People† is found within the characterRead MoreTheme Of Redemption And Good Country People By Flannery O Connor s `` A Good Man Is Hard1837 Words   |  8 PagesFlannery O Connor s stories â€Å"A Good Man Is Hard to Find†, and â€Å"Good Country People† both present very similar themes. Within these stories is the theme of redemption, and the way relationships affect the way people interact with each other seem to be a core issue she struggles with. Both stories have a protagonist that have to deal with some type of villain who has little to no belief, while their presence of faith that there is good in people gets them into the horrible situations that they findRead MoreFlannery OConner and the use of grotesque character in Good country people and a good man is hard to find1226 Words   |  5 Pagescentury writing (Holman 61). Almost all of O Connor s short stories usually end in horrendous, freak fatalities or, at the very least, a character s emotional devastation. People have categorized O Connor s work as Southern Gothic (Walters 30). In Many of her short stories, A Good Man Is Hard To Find for example, Flannery O Connor creates grotesque characters to illustrate the evil in people. Written in 1953, A Good Man Is Hard To Find is one of O Connor s most known pieces of work and hasRead MoreO Connor s Life1323 Words   |  6 PagesKnown for her short stories and well known novels, author Flannery O’Connor has been a vision of American literature for the last eighty years. Born and raised in Savannah, Georgia during the Great Depression, O’Connor grew up during an era of hardship and trouble trying to focus on her studies while her family was battling financial difficulties. During this time of O’Connor’s life is where her short stories begin to form and her desire to share her experiences of love, friendship, and life blossomedRead MoreReview Of O Connor 1216 Words   |  5 PagesDevin Simpson 4/15/15 Professor Caruso 4/14/15 The writer Flannery O’Connor has presented very strange picture of a dysfunctional family on a family vacation which is shown to be destroyed just because of by three escaped convicts. The story reaches its climax at the time when the grandmother, very important to the story, who is very near to her death is offered the gift of grace and she willfully accepts that gift. Many circumstances that eventually lead to that climax in the story are very interestingRead MoreIrony In A Good Man Is Hard To Find1170 Words   |  5 PagesFlannery O’Conner, a Gothic literature writer, has written several short stories throughout her life. Among these stories, two of them being A Good Man is Hard to Find and Good Country People, she has included some of the most fleshed out and grotesque characters I have ever read. O’Conner brings her characters to life throughout her writing in near flawless and subtle detail with ironic humor. For example, O’Conner makes skillful use of ironic names for her characters. The titles and namesRead MoreParkers Back by Flannery OConnor1146 Words   |  5 Pagessignificance of Flannery O Connor s Parker s Back can seem at once cold and dispassionate, as well as almost absurdly stark and violent. Her short stories routinely end in horrendous, freak fatalities or, at the very least, a character s emotional devastation. Flannery O Connor is a Christian writer, and her work is message-oriented, yet she is far too brilliant a stylist to tip her hand; like all good writers, crass didacticism is abhorrent to her. Unlike some more cryptic writers, O Connor was happyRead MoreGothic Literature : The Southern Gothic Fiction1476 Words   |  6 Pagessouthern gothic style. â€Å"When Miss Emily Grierson died, our whole town went to her funeral: the men through a sort of respectful affection for a fallen monument, the women mostly out of curiosity to see the inside of her house, which no one save an old man-servant--a combi ned gardener and cook--had seen in at least ten years.† (Faulkner) Another aspect that illustrates southern gothic literature is the murder of Homer Barron, Miss Emily’s abrupt lover. It is rather disturbing, not only because Miss EmilyRead MoreIn class, we have read a couple of Flannery O’ Connor’s short stories which include A Good Man is900 Words   |  4 Pagescouple of Flannery O’ Connor’s short stories which include A Good Man is Hard to Find, Good Country People, and Revelations. After reading these stories, I noticed that Flannery O’ Connor changes the story but in a sense keeps the same main characters in every story. The main things that change between these characters are how they decide to handle a situation and their names; the things that do not change are often the outlook that they have on the world. I noticed the grandma from A Good Man is HardRead MoreFlannery O Connor Is Considered One Of The Most Successful Writ er979 Words   |  4 PagesMary Flannery O’Connor is considered one of the most successful short story writers in history. She composed her works during a period of prosperity and economic boom following World War II. Although the economy was thriving, the 1950’s were a period of struggle for women’s rights, as well as other minorities. (Digital History) Based on her success, one could conclude O’Connor exceeded all barriers against women during the fifties. Flannery O’Connor’s life experiences based on her faith, her novels A Good Man Is Hard And Good Country People By Flannery O ... In the short stories â€Å"A Good Man is Hard to Find† and â€Å"Good Country People,† Flannery O’Connor writes about violence. The violence in â€Å"A Good Man is Hard to Find† surprises the reader because it is unexpected. Flannery O’Connor lulls the reader into a false sense of security and then pulls the rug out from under you at the end of the story. The violence is found within the character â€Å"The Misfit† and in his murderous actions. The violence in â€Å"Good Country People† is found within the character Hulga Hopewell and her hostility toward her mother, religion, and herself. Flannery O’Connor uses violence to criticize the hypocrisy of certain ideas and accepted cultural and religious norms. Textual evidence is necessary in this essay to prove the idea that Flannery O’Connor uses violence in these two stories to criticize the hypocrisy in the characters. In Flannery O’Connor’s â€Å"A G ood Man is Hard to Find,† the hypocrisy and selfishness of the grandmother brings about all of the conflict in the story. As John Desmond notes in his essay â€Å"Flannery O’Connor’s Misfit and the Mystery of Evil,† â€Å"her [the grandmother’s] lying and selfishness lead directly to the accident and the subsequent murder of her family† (133). The grandmother deceitfully coaxes her son Bailey and his family into going to Tennessee because she wants to, even though no one else in the family has any desire to go there. The grandmother considers herself a lady and a â€Å"good Christian woman† (133), but sheShow MoreRelatedA Good Man Is Hard And Good Country People By Flannery O Connor Essay2090 Words   |  9 Pagesmany people do throughout their lifetime. People might judge others to feel secure or to create an identity for themselves. Judging others by their appearance or by the things they own should not be a reason to dislike t hem. While it may be a common thing to do since we are all humans, it does come with some consequences. In Flannery O Connor s short stories â€Å"A Good Man is Hard to Find† and â€Å"Good Country People†, readers realize that the main characters tend to be judgmental about the people aroundRead MoreTheme Of Redemption And Good Country People By Flannery O Connor s `` A Good Man Is Hard1837 Words   |  8 PagesFlannery O Connor s stories â€Å"A Good Man Is Hard to Find†, and â€Å"Good Country People† both present very similar themes. Within these stories is the theme of redemption, and the way relationships affect the way people interact with each other seem to be a core issue she struggles with. Both stories have a protagonist that have to deal with some type of villain who has little to no belief, while their presence of faith that there is good in people gets them into the horrible situations that they findRead MoreFlannery OConner and the use of grotesque character in Good country people and a good man is hard to find1226 Words   |  5 Pagescentury writing (Holman 61). Almost all of O Connor s short stories usually end in horrendous, freak fatalities or, at the very least, a character s emotional devastation. People have categorized O Connor s work as Southern Gothic (Walters 30). In Many of her short stories, A Good Man Is Hard To Find for example, Flannery O Connor creates grotesque characters to illustrate the evil in people. Written in 1953, A Good Man Is Hard To Find is one of O Connor s most known pieces of work and hasRead MoreO Connor s Life1323 Words   |  6 PagesKnown for her short stories and well known novels, author Flannery O’Connor has been a vision of American literature for the last eighty years. Born and raised in Savannah, Georgia during the Great Depression, O’Connor grew up during an era of hardship and trouble trying to focus on her studies while her family was battling financial difficulties. During this time of O’Connor’s life is where her short stories begin to form and her desire to share her experiences of love, friendship, and life blossomedRead MoreReview Of O Connor 1216 Words   |  5 PagesDevin Simpson 4/15/15 Professor Caruso 4/14/15 The writer Flannery O’Connor has presented very strange picture of a dysfunctional family on a family vacation which is shown to be destroyed just because of by three escaped convicts. The story reaches its climax at the time when the grandmother, very important to the story, who is very near to her death is offered the gift of grace and she willfully accepts that gift. Many circumstances that eventually lead to that climax in the story are very interestingRead MoreIrony In A Good Man Is Hard To Find1170 Words   |  5 PagesFlannery O’Conner, a Gothic literature writer, has written several short stories throughout her life. Among these stories, two of them being A Good Man is Hard to Find and Good Country People, she has included some of the most fleshed out and grotesque characters I have ever read. O’Conner brings her characters to life throughout her writing in near flawless and subtle detail with ironic humor. For example, O’Conner makes skillful use of ironic names for her characters. The titles and namesRead MoreParkers Back by Flannery OConnor1146 Words   |  5 Pagessignificance of Flannery O Connor s Parker s Back can seem at once cold and dispassionate, as well as almost absurdly stark and violent. Her short stories routinely end in horrendous, freak fatalities or, at the very least, a character s emotional devastation. Flannery O Connor is a Christian writer, and her work is message-oriented, yet she is far too brilliant a stylist to tip her hand; like all good writers, crass didacticism is abhorrent to her. Unlike some more cryptic writers, O Connor was happyRead MoreGothic Literature : The Southern Gothic Fiction1476 Words   |  6 Pagessouthern gothic style. â€Å"When Miss Emily Grierson died, our whole town went to her funeral: the men through a sort of respectful affection for a fallen monument, the women mostly out of curiosity to see the inside of her house, which no one save an old man-servant--a combi ned gardener and cook--had seen in at least ten years.† (Faulkner) Another aspect that illustrates southern gothic literature is the murder of Homer Barron, Miss Emily’s abrupt lover. It is rather disturbing, not only because Miss EmilyRead MoreIn class, we have read a couple of Flannery O’ Connor’s short stories which include A Good Man is900 Words   |  4 Pagescouple of Flannery O’ Connor’s short stories which include A Good Man is Hard to Find, Good Country People, and Revelations. After reading these stories, I noticed that Flannery O’ Connor changes the story but in a sense keeps the same main characters in every story. The main things that change between these characters are how they decide to handle a situation and their names; the things that do not change are often the outlook that they have on the world. I noticed the grandma from A Good Man is HardRead MoreFlannery O Connor Is Considered One Of The Most Successful Writ er979 Words   |  4 PagesMary Flannery O’Connor is considered one of the most successful short story writers in history. She composed her works during a period of prosperity and economic boom following World War II. Although the economy was thriving, the 1950’s were a period of struggle for women’s rights, as well as other minorities. (Digital History) Based on her success, one could conclude O’Connor exceeded all barriers against women during the fifties. Flannery O’Connor’s life experiences based on her faith, her novels

Crusial Themes In Hills Like White Elephants - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 3 Words: 1047 Downloads: 5 Date added: 2019/05/29 Category Literature Essay Level High school Tags: Hills Like White Elephants Essay Did you like this example? Analysis of Hemingways Hills Like White Elephants In Ernest Hemingway Hills Like White Elephants, the author reveals a state of depression and oppression setting. He emphasizes on how an American girl and Spanish speaking man are using alcohol to avoid having a real conversation about an operation, later understood to be an abortion, and her decision will eventually dictate the status of their relationship. Having the male translate shows the role or power dynamics in their relationship; showing there little in common interest and the language limitations being presented which is a key theme. The relationship is categorized by that of silence, beer pounding, and very little small talk. Following a moment of silence while awaiting their services the girl mentions how the hills resembles that of a white elephant; this emphasizes the awkward elephant in which they have going on between the two of them. Hinting at the landscape being fertile and barren suggests that there is or was a pregnancy. Avoidance of the sun glare to me seems as if the couple is hiding in the shade to avoid the truth about the ongoing truths. Attempting to face some of the problem, he conversation turns quickly into a match of bickering at one another. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Crusial Themes In Hills Like White Elephants" essay for you Create order Dominance is present as the man takes control over the decisions being made in this scene. Hemingway writes the saying Do you want it with water? but, before she even came to an answer on her own the guy answered for them both telling the woman that they would have water to complement their drinks (Mays 635). She asks him for advice and suggestions for the next drink as they continue to show lack of communication. The girl continues to try and make small talk and mentions how the drink reminds her of a licorice taste, as well as everything else. The guy snaps; showing signs of annoyance. The girl indicates that she was just trying to have a fine time (Hemingway, 1927) attempting to keep some sort of normalcy and leisure between the two. The female seems to be skeptical that happiness could ever exist because he refuses to open up about the problems in which they face. The man makes the moment intimate by referring to the girl by Jig which is a nickname. He then talks about an operation which is clear through reading that it is a euphemism for an abortion and how itrs not really a big deal even though they were illegal in their time. Later, he goes on to persuading her that she should go through with the operation but, attempts to make her feel better by saying she doesnt have to if she doesnt want to. He is well aware that the girl does not share the same feeling he does as she shows skepticism towards the conversation. The story implies that if she goes through with it then their lives can go back to what they were prior. Sinister and subtle domination is present here because he allows feelings into the conversation to be able to play on the girl emotion indicating everything will be okay. Hemingwayrs play on description from Jigrs point of view reveals her feeling about the pregnancy (full of life unlike before). There are mentions of fertile hills, full trees, etc , as she see the possibility of what their life have the potential to be like. He ensures her that they can have those things even if she goes through with the operation. He sees it as a less important factor and that life will continue to be okay. In this particular moment, the scene shows more value and importance than the characters words themselves. The theme has managed to remain the same involving: choice, relationship, and freedom throughout the story. However, the male attempts to sympathize with her. His attempt is to play on emotion saying how he only wants to be with her but, at the same time wanting her to abort their child so, they could remain free of responsibility. The author displays the man ability in attempting to dominate the womanrs opinion but she then questioned the stability of their relationship. Coming to a closing, the man carries the luggage over to wait for their train: the luggage symbolizing the weight and the burden the man feels is on his shoulders with such big decision to be made. He grabbed another drink as he analyzed his nsurroundings noticing that everything seem to be normal except him. Returning to the girl, they manage to try and keep up with the normality of their lives and once again manging to smother true feelings and emotion. It is obvious that a decision was not made and because of the disagreement between the two, their relationship remains in shambles from holding back honesty and true emotion about a life changing moment. Work Cited: Hemingway, Ernest. Hills Like White Elephants. The Norton Introduction to Literature, edited by Kelly J. Mays, Shorter 12th ed., Norton, 2016, pp. 635-638. Kaisler, Max. Hills Like White Elephants Hills Like White Elephants. LitCharts. LitCharts LLC, 9 May 2016. Web. 7 Nov 2018. Annotated Biblograhy Hemingway, Ernest. Hills Like White Elephants. The Norton Introduction to Literature, edited by Kelly J. Mays, Shorter 12th ed., Norton, 2016, pp. 635-638.(Primary Source) Kaisler, Max. Hills Like White Elephants Hills Like White Elephants. LitCharts. LitCharts LLC, 9 May 2016. Web. 7 Nov 2018. Writing Process Summation I chose this particular story because I feel as though a lot of youth my age suffers from these life choices every day and enough is not being done to help them. I was curious on how the woman would handle a situation that could change her life drastically in either direction she took. I made it a point to show that the man here felt the need to dictate this woman choice and how he attempted to manipulate the situation to work in his favor. I revised my paper by rereading and trying to find more appropriate words, attempting to fix grammar mistakes, and making my analysis easy to follow. I would like my reader to see that women are always put in a situations where they have to be the one making the hard decisions and men should not try and dictate how their lives play out to try and better theirs.